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Upstream activating sequence
About: Upstream activating sequence is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 100112 citations.
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TL;DR: The basic features of the gene structure were characterized and potential cis-regulatory elements of Pkd2 transcription were identified and defined, defining a functional promoter candidate region for PkD2.
7 citations
TL;DR: Djun is the homolog of the mammalian proto-oncogene jun in D. melanogaster, where it encodes a component of an AP-1-like nuclear DNA binding protein, or transcription factor, where its activity as an enhancer is reduced when moved upstream in either orientation.
7 citations
TL;DR: This study cloned and characterized a 6.7 kb fragment of the 5′-flanking promoter region of the mouse Tcf3 gene, which contained putative binding sites for multiple transcription factors, including a few known to regulate the function of mTcf3.
Abstract: Tcf3 is a nuclear mediator of canonical Wnt signaling which functions in many systems as a repressor of target gene transcription. In this study, we have cloned and characterized a 6.7 kb fragment of the 5'-flanking promoter region of the mouse Tcf3 gene. In silico analysis of the promoter sequence identified the existence of GC boxes and CpG islands, but failed to identify any TATA box. In addition, the promoter sequence contained putative binding sites for multiple transcription factors, including a few known to regulate the function of mTcf3. Of those, we confirmed functional binding sites for NFκB and Oct1 using a luciferase assay and ChIP. In vitro analysis revealed five potential transcription start sites which resulted in a 298 base pair 5'-untranslated region upstream of the mTcf3 translation start site ATG. Using a luciferase assay, we analyzed the activity of the cloned promoter fragment in embryonically derived neural stem cells. The luciferase activity of a 3.5 kb core promoter fragment (-3243/+211) showed up to 40-fold increased activity compared to the empty vector. Addition of sequences 5' to the 3.5 kb core promoter fragment resulted in a 20-fold drop in luciferase activity, indicating the presence of further upstream repressive elements. In vivo analysis of a 4.5 kb promoter fragment (-4303/+211) driving, the expression of EGFP in mouse embryos highly resembled endogenous expression of mTcf3.
7 citations
TL;DR: Mapping of the 5′ ends of the transcripts showed that neither the activator nor the position from which they activate influences selection of the transcription start site, and results show that most activators can function from any position.
Abstract: Regulation of transcription by the form of RNA polymerase that contains sigma(N) involves activation at a distance by activators bound to sites located far upstream of the transcription start site, which contact RNA polymerase bound to the promoter via formation of a DNA loop. At the g/nAp2 promoter, binding sites for the activator NtrC show features characteristic of eukaryotic enhancers. A multiple response element containing binding sites for five sigma(N)-dependent activators from different systems has been cloned in different positions relative to the glnAp2 promoter. These promoter regions indeed allowed activation in vivo by each regulator, thus showing that transcription from an eubacterial promoter may be controlled in a very versatile way by different signals. The activation capability of each activator has been assessed in relation to its concentration, and the presence and relative positions of the corresponding binding sites in the DNA. Results show that most activators can function from any position. However, activation mediated by DctD-L64 was very sensitive to changes in the position of its binding sites. Transcriptional activation by combinations of two regulators was also tested and no significant synergism or interference was detected. Mapping of the 5' ends of the transcripts showed that neither the activator nor the position from which they activate influences selection of the transcription start site.
7 citations
TL;DR: The 5'-upstream region of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein E protein (snRNP E) gene has multiple sequence similarities to elements found to be integral in the transcriptional regulation of some mouse ribosomal protein genes as well as U1 snRNA genes (U1 "B," U1 "D," and SPH enhancers).
7 citations