Showing papers on "Uroleucon published in 2011"

LOS ÁFIDOS (Hemiptera: Aphididae) EN EL CALLEJÓN DE HUAYLAS - ANCASH, PERÚ APHIDS (Hemiptera: Aphididae) AT THE CALLEJÓN DE HUAYLAS - ANCASH, PERÚ

Abstract: Plant aphids were collected in different crop plants and weeds at the Callejon de Huaylas zone, Ancash, Peru. Micro slides were prepared for species determination, and 31 aphid species corresponding to 4 subfamilies and 5 tribes were identified. 123 aphid-plant relationships were established in 52 plant species from 45 genera and 19 families The following 18 aphid species are registered for the first time in the Callejon de Huaylas: Acyrtosiphon kondoi, Aphis cytisorum, A. fabae, A. helianthi, A. nerii, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus schwartzi, Capitophorus elaeagni, Hyalopterus pruni, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzus ornatus, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon, Rhopalosiphum padi, Tuberolachnus salignus, Uroleucon ambriosae, U. sonchi y Wahlgreniella nervata and Aphis helianthi as well as Aphis cytisorum are registered for the first time in Peru. The oligophagous character of Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii, A. fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus ornatus, M. persicae, Uroleucon ambrosiae was confirmed. Brevicoryne brassicae showed and a wide host range. Aphis cytisorum was confirmed as the aphid affecting the retama plant at the Callejon de Huaylas, together with Aphis craccivora y A. fabae as well as the specificity of A. helianthi for plant species of the Asteraceae family.

Tri-trophic level interactions affect host plant development and abundance of insect herbivores

Abstract: Understanding the interactions among plants, hemipterans, and ants has provided numerous insights into a range of ecological and evolutionary processes. In these systems, however, studies concerning the isolated direct and indirect effects of aphid colonies on host plant and other herbivores remain rare at best. The aphid Uroleucon erigeronensis forms dense colonies on the apical shoots of the host plant Baccharis dracunculilfolia (Asteraceae). The honeydew produced by these aphids attracts several species of ants that might interfere with other herbivores. Four hypotheses were tested in this system: (1) ants tending aphids reduce the abundance of other herbivores; (2) the effects of ants and aphids upon herbivores differ between chewing and fluid-sucking herbivores; (3) aphids alone reduce the abundance of other herbivores; and (4), the aphid presence negatively affects B. dracunculifolia shoot growth. The hypotheses were evaluated with ant and aphid exclusion experiments, on isolated plant shoots, along six consecutive months. We adjusted linear mixed-effects models for longitudinal data (repeated measures), with nested spatial random effect. The results showed that: (1) herbivore abundance was lower on shoots with aphids than on shoots without aphids, and even lower on shoots with aphids and ants; (2) both chewing and fluid-sucking insects responded similarly to the treatment, and (3) aphid presence affected negatively B. dracunculifolia shoot growth. Thus, since aphids alone changed plant growth and the abundance of insect herbivores, we suggest that the ant–aphid association is important to the organization of the system B. dracunculifolia-herbivorous insects.

Mexican Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from the Collection of the Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle of Paris with Eleven New Species

Abstract: Very little is known about the Mexican fauna of Uroleucon; only 4 species have been recorded, which is fewer than in Central America and the Caribbean. One hundred ninety two samples collected in 19 Mexican states from the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) collection have been studied and 30 species identified. Four of them are the species previously recorded (U. ambrosiae, U. erigeronense, U. pseudoambrosiae and U. sonchi). Fifteen North American species are recorded for the first time from Mexico: U. astronomus, U. brevitarsus, U. chani, U. eupatoricolens, U. gravicorne, U. macgillivrayae, U. maximilianicola, U. nigrotuberculatum, U. obscuricaudatum, U. paucosensoriatum, U. penderum, U. reynoldense, U. richardsi, U. stoetzelae and U. zerogutierrezis. Thirty-three new “aphid/host plant” relationships of these species have been established. Comments about the distribution of the species are made. Eleven new species are described, illustrated and discussed: U. penae, U. mexicanum, U. gn...

Further contributions to the Turkey aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) fauna.

Abstract: aphid species are reported as new records for Turkey aphid fauna at the end of the study carried out in Samsun Province of Turkey between 2009 and 2010. New records are Aphis gerardianae Mordvilkoi, Aphis loti Kaltenbach, Aphis middletoni Thomas, Aphis pashtshenkoae Remaudiere, Aphis proffti (Borner), Aphis pseudocardui Theobald, Chaitophorus lapponum Ossiannilsson, Cinara watanabei Inouye, Lachnus longirostrum David and Ghosh, Sipha arenarii Mordvilko and Uroleucon kashmiricum (Verma). With these new records, the number of species of aphids listed for Turkey has increased to 475.

THREE InTERESTInG InSECTS AnD THE CAUSE OF REDUCED VIGOR OF CUP PLAnT (SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM) In AGROnOMIC PLAnTInGS

Abstract: Growing interest in native plants for use as feedstock for cellulosic biomass in ethanol production logically leads to questions about insect-plant associations. Recent studies on the potential for using Cup plant (silphium perfoliatum ) revealed three insect species not known from other plants: the Giant eucosma (Eucosma giganteana , Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an aphid (Uroleucon cf. ambrosiae , Hemiptera: Aphidae), and a parasitoid wasp (acanthocaudus n.sp., Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The wasp is a new and undescribed species, and the aphid may be a new and undescribed species. The moth and aphid are plant predators, while the wasp parasitizes the aphid. The early instar larva of Eucosma giganteana is a significant predator of apical meristematic tissues, including floral buds, and may cause upwards of 100% loss of potential seed production. The late instar larva was found boring in the rhizome where they cause an excess of 50% biomass loss of above ground plant portions, and make the crop unharvestable. Uroleucon aphids are phloem feeders on the ventral surfaces of new leaves, and populations reproduce rapidly for several weeks and then crash to zero. This aphid does not appear to reduce biomass production. acanthocaudus n.sp was determined to be the primary parasitoid of the aphid, and was observed hovering over aphid colonies before selecting oviposition hosts. The Giant eucosma larva was deter mined to be the primary cause in the reduction of growth, reproduction, and biomass productivity of Cup plant in agronomic plantings. With the discovery of the aphid and the braconid wasp, this study parallels similar studies that reveal undescribed or poorly known species on native plants brought into agriculture.

Biology of Mallada boninensis (Okamoto) on three species of aphids

Abstract: Biology of Mallada boninensis on three species of aphids viz., Lipaphis erysimi, Brevicoryne brassicae and Uroleucon carthami, infesting mustard, cabbage and safflower, respectively was undertaken alongwith impact of favorable growth and development parameters. Overall suitability of host insects indicated that the B. brassicae was preferred more by M. boninensis as compared to L. erysimi and U. carthami.

Biological remarks on Uroleucon (Uromelan) rapunculoidis (Börner, 1939) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) with a new host plant record Campanula cervicaria L.

Abstract: The paper presents Uroleucon (Uromelan) rapunculoidis (BÖRNER, 1939) – an aphid species which is rare in Poland. Its distribution in Poland and in the world as well as its new Polish locality have been depicted and its new host plant, Campanula cervicaria L., has been characterized.

Karyological studies of four species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae).

Abstract: In this study, the karyotypes and diploid number of somatic chromosomes from embryos of apterous viviparous females of Dactynotes (Uroleucon) compositae, Erisoma lanigerum, Macrosiphoniella sanborni and Myzus persicae have been investigated All the species contain chromosome number as 2n=12 Metrical data for these four species were also recorded and the karyotypes and idiograms are prepared on the basis of chromosomal measurements Their mean Total Chromosomal Lengths (TCLs) vary accordingly