Topic
Vagina
About: Vagina is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7991 publications have been published within this topic receiving 189257 citations.
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TL;DR: The association between treatment of the mothers with estrogen diethylstilbestrol during the pregnancies and the development of adenocarcinoma of the vagina in the girls is highly significant and non-significant factors include maternal age at time of birth smoking in parents intrauterine x-ray exposure and breast feeding.
Abstract: Although cancer of the vagina is rare and occurs principally in women over age 50 in the form of epidermoid carcinoma 8 girls (15-22) between 1966 and 1969 with adenocarcinoma of the vagina (clear-cell or endometrial) were seen at 2 Boston hospitals. The 4 controls (female) for each case were born within 5 days of the patient and on the same type of service (ward or private). The association between treatment of the mothers (7 or 8) with estrogen diethylstilbestrol during the pregnancies and the development of adenocarcinoma of the vagina in the girls is highly significant (p less than 0.00001). All 7 mothers began therapy in the first trimester and received either a constant dose administered to term or a continually increasing dose given almost to term. Other factors with lower levels of significance are maternal bleeding in the study pregnancy (p less than 0.05) and any prior pregnancy loss (p less than 0.01). Non-significant factors include maternal age at time of birth smoking in parents intrauterine x-ray exposure and breast feeding.
2,267 citations
TL;DR: Suggestions for common postpartum uterine diseases are suggested, which can be readily adopted by researchers and veterinarians.
1,156 citations
TL;DR: The paracolpium in level I forms the critical factor that differentiates vaginal eversion from posthysterectomy cystocele-rectocele or enterocele in which the vaginal apex remains well suspended.
866 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Abstract: A prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between vaginal colonization with lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sexually transmitted diseases in a population of sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. In total, 657 HIV-1-seronegative women were enrolled and followed at monthly intervals. At baseline, only 26% of women were colonized with Lactobacillus species. During follow-up, absence of vaginal lactobacilli on culture was associated with an increased risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.5) and gonorrhea (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6), after controlling for other identified risk factors in separate multivariate models. Presence of abnormal vaginal flora on Gram's stain was associated with increased risk of both HIV-1 acquisition (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and Trichomonas infection (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4). Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
853 citations
TL;DR: No effective prevention strategy for prolapse has been identified, and considerations include weight loss, reduction of heavy lifting, treatment of constipation, modification or reduction of obstetric risk factors, and pelvic-floor physical therapy.
787 citations