Topic
Valence (chemistry)
About: Valence (chemistry) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24937 publications have been published within this topic receiving 645252 citations. The topic is also known as: valency.
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TL;DR: The defect chemistry and transport properties of single-crystalline 9.5 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 selectively doped with 3D transition metal or rare earth ions, are analyzed in this article.
144 citations
144 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoelectron spectra of the group iv hydrides, CH 4, SiH 4, GeH 4 and SnH 4 are shown to be due to ionization from valence ax and t 2 orbitals analogous to the s and p orbitals of the corresponding inert gases.
Abstract: The photoelectron spectra of the group iv hydrides, CH 4 , SiH 4 , GeH 4 and SnH 4 are shown to be due to ionization from valence ax and t 2 orbitals analogous to the s and p orbitals of the corresponding inert gases. The associated vibrational pattern of the ax bands is a simple progression of the breathing vibration. That of the t 2 systems shows the effect of Jahn-Teller splitting part of which converts to spin-orbit splitting for the heavier hydrides. The bond lengths and angles of the ionized states are evaluated approximately from the structures and. intensities of the band patterns. The experimental results give some support for theoretical calculations by Dixon which indicate that the triple degeneracy of the (t 2 ) -1 state is removed by distortion to a D 2d conformation, its low energy 2 B 2 component involving a fairly long progression in the v 2 vibration and, in the case of methane, progressions in v 1 containing several members. This agrees with our observations but our analysis of the spectra indicates that this state of CH 4 + takes up a conformation that is almost square coplanar with an extremely low inversion barrier. The 2 B 2 ionized states of SiH 4 , GeH 4 and SnH 4 though considerably distorted do not become coplanar.
144 citations
144 citations
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a coupling model of Mixed Valence Line Shapes (MVL) for one-and two-electron mixed-valence systems, based on the PKS and MO models for One-and Two-Electron Systems.
Abstract: Mixed Valency Systems: Retrospect And Prospect.- Vibronic Coupling Models Of Mixed Valency: Relation Of The PKS And MO Models For One- And Two-Electron Systems.- Electric Field Perturbation Of Electronic (Vibronic) Absorption Envelopes: Application To Characterization Of Mixed Valence States.- Solvent And Temperature Effects In Mixed Valence Chemistry.- Electron Transfer In Mixed Valence Complexes In The Solid State.- Photoredox Chemistry Of Two-Electron Mixed Valence Systems.- How To Design Fast Two-Electron Transfer Reagents: 37-Electron Mixed Valence Fe(I)Fe(II)-Bisandwiches As Key Intermediates.- Magnetic And Optical Phenomena In Biological Iron-Sulfur Mixed Valence Complexes And Their Chemical Models. A Theoretical Approach.- Mixed Valency In Multinuclear Manganese Enzymes And Clusters.- Mixed Valence Iron And Chromium Fluorides. Bronzes And Related Compounds. Chemistry, Structure And Magnetism.- Mixed Valency Minerals: Influences Of Crystal Structures On Optical And Mossbauer Spectra.- Valency Disproportionation In Inorganic Solids.- Superconductivity By Local Pairs (Bipolarons) In Doped Metal Oxide Semiconductors.- A Comparison Between Conducting C.T. Crystalline Salts And L.B. Films.- Optical Spectroscopic Probes Of Mixed Valence Systems.- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Studies Of Mixed Valency Systems.- Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy Of Mixed Valency After Nuclear Decay In Iron Complexes.- Intramolecular Electron Transfer. Applications In Molecular Electronics.- Vibronic Coupling Models For Mixed Valence Line Shapes: Going Beyond The PKS Approach.- Mixed Valency Oligomers: Model Pathways For The Control Of Their Properties.- The Effects Of Second Order Vibronic Coupling On The Symmetric Dimer And Trimer.- Semiclassical Approach To The Vibronic Problem For The Creutz-Taube Ion.- A New Spin Hamiltonian For Mixed Valence Systems Including Transfer, Exchange And Exchange-Transfer Terms.- An Example Of The Influence Of The Ligand Held On The Electron Localisation: The Mixed Valence Ferrocene-Ferricinium.- A First Stable Organometallic Analogue [mer(OC)3(PiPr3)2W(?-pyrazine)W(PiPr3)2(CO)3]+ Of The Creutz-Taube Ion. Similarities And Differences.- Mixed Valence Manganese Carboxylates Of Various Nuclearities.- Spectroscopic Studies Of Spin State And Electron Delocalization In A Binuclear Mixed Valence Fe(II/III) Complex.- Bis(Phthalocyaninato) Lanthanide Sandwich Compounds Exhibiting Mixed Valence Ligands.- The Ruthenium Blues.- Optical And Related Properties Of Metal-Halide Chain Compounds: Bulk And Small Particles.- Dielectric Relaxometry: Manganate (VI)-(VII) In Solid And Solution States.- Electronic Instabilities Of Two-Dimensional Metals, K3Cu8S6 And Rb3Cu8S6.- Chemistry And Properties Of New Examples Of Mixed Valence Compounds, Based On Organic ? Donor Molecules And Polyoxometalate Ions.- Mixed Valency In The Organic-Inorganic Compounds (BEDT-TTF)6Cu2Br6 And (BEDT-TTF)6Cu2Cl2Br4.- Electrochemical Generation Of Mixed Valency Copper Complexes In Solution.- Endor Determination Of Proton Hyperfine Tensors As Local Probes Of The Delocalization Of The Spin Population In The 4 Iron - 4 Sulfur Cubanes.- Theory Descriptions Of Mixed Valency.- Electron Transfer Mechanisms, From Dimers To Infinite Solids.- Applications: Energy Storage And Molecular Electronics.- Biology: Models And Proteins.
144 citations