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Showing papers on "Valency published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine some new theoretical results with computer calculations to determine all cubic vertex-transitive graphs of order at most 1280, and also all tetravalent arctransitive graph of order with valency 3 at most 640.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first experiments to observe and analyze the coalescence of ν(CO) band shapes in the 1D IR spectra of mixed-valence complexes of the type {[Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(L)]2-BL}(-), to estimate rate constants of intramolecular electron transfer (ET).
Abstract: This article describes research from our laboratory on the chemistry and spectroscopic properties of inorganic mixed-valence complexes. After a brief review of the seminal work of Taube, Creutz, Day, Robin, Hush, and others in the 1960s and the confounding efforts to identify the borderline between class II and III mixed-valence systems in the 1990s and early 2000s, we describe our first experiments to observe and analyze the coalescence of ν(CO) band shapes in the 1D IR spectra of mixed-valence complexes of the type {[Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(L)]2-BL}−, where L = a pyridyl ligand and BL = pyrazine or 4,4′-bipyridine, to estimate rate constants of intramolecular electron transfer (ET). The strong involvement of the bridging ligands in mixed-valence complexes of this type was first identified in the appearance of totally symmetric vibrational modes of pyrazine bridging ligands in the IR because of strong vibronic coupling within a three-state metal cluster–bridge–metal cluster model. Application of the Brunschwig–Cr...

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spectroelectrochemical studies on the 'dimers of dimers' show no evidence of intervalence charge transfer bands in the mixed valence radical cations formed by one-electron oxidation, indicating that they are examples of proton-coupled mixed valency.
Abstract: Dimolybdenum quadruply bonded compounds containing a pendant lactam functional group form self-complementary hydrogen bonded ‘dimers of dimers’ in the solid-state and CH2Cl2 solutions. Electrochemical studies in CH2Cl2 show two consecutive one-electron redox processes corresponding to oxidation of the Mo24+ cores. Spectroelectrochemical studies on the ‘dimers of dimers’ show no evidence of intervalence charge transfer bands in the mixed valence radical cations formed by one-electron oxidation, indicating that they are examples of proton-coupled mixed valency.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin-orbit coupling effects and stabilization of higher oxidation states for the osmium analogues of mixed-valent ruthenium compounds result in more complex electronic spectra, frequent EPR silence, and valence transfer-dependent comproportionation constants for the intermediates.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of spectroscopic studies have been employed to determine the nature of the charge distribution and the classification as Class II or III on the Robin and Day scheme.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A unique idea to rationally produce mixed valency in an ionic donor/acceptor chain using a redox-inert (insulator) dopant into a D(+)A(-) chain in place of neutral D enables the creation of mixed valence A(0)/A(+) domains between P units.
Abstract: On the basis of the concept that the design of a mixed valence system is a key route to create electronic conducting frameworks, we propose a unique idea to rationally produce mixed valency in an ionic donor/acceptor chain (i.e., D+A– chain). The doping of a redox-inert (insulator) dopant (P) into a D+A– chain in place of neutral D enables the creation of mixed valency A0/A– domains between P units: P–(D+A–)nA0–P, where n is directly dependent on the dopant ratio, and charge transfer through the P units leads to electron transport along the framework. This hypothesis was experimentally demonstrated in an ionic DA chain synthesized from a redox-active paddlewheel [Ru2II,II] complex and TCNQ derivative by doping with a redox-inert [Rh2II,II] complex.

26 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: A proof of the polycirculant conjecture is given in the arc-transitive case for graphs of valency 8, which was the smallest open valency.
Abstract: One version of the polycirculant conjecture states that every vertex-transitive graph has a semiregular automorphism. We give a proof of the conjecture in the arc-transitive case for graphs of valency 8, which was the smallest open case.

17 citations


Patent
14 Feb 2013
TL;DR: LiLaSrZrNbO as mentioned in this paper is a garnet type ionic conductivity oxide in which the decrease in conductivity is suppressed as much as possible, and the firing energy is made to decrease more.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garnet type ionic conductivity oxide in which the decrease in conductivity is suppressed as much as possible, and the firing energy is made to decrease moreSOLUTION: The garnet type ionic conductivity oxide includes Li, La, and Zr, an element A that is an element different from La, and is at least one kind of an alkaline earth metal and a lanthanoid element, and an element B that is an element different from Zr, and is at least one kind of a transition element and a typical element belonging to Group 12- Group 15 that can take six coordinations with oxygen Moreover, the garnet type ionic conductivity oxide may be shown by a basic composition LiLaSrZrNbO, in the formula, X satisfies X=24-3×a-2×b and (0

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the neglected area of adjectival valency can shed some new light on this fundamental question, and the evidence in favour of a constructional approach are the considerable differences in the possibilities of valency realisation between adjectives in attributive and in predicative function.
Abstract: The article offers new data to the debate on lexical vs. constructional approaches to valency. Research on valency has mainly been concerned with verbs, and in this article it is argued that the neglected area of adjectival valency can shed some new light on this fundamental question. Among the evidence in favour of a constructional approach are the considerable differences in the possibilities of valency realisation between adjectives in attributive and in predicative function. It is also argued that a constructional approach allows for a more principled treatment of polysemy between valency variants.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that for a given @a>2, there are finitely many distance-regular graphs @C with valency k, diameter D>= 3 and v vertices satisfying v@?@ak unless (D=3 and @C is imprimitive) or (D means antipodal and bipartite).

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that for any positive integer C, there are only finitely many distance-regular graphs with valency k at least three, diameter D at least six and k"2k=

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2013

DOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: A formal grammar is proposed that adopts Tesni`ere’s intuitions and concepts of Structural Syntax – as much as possible – in adapting them to the needs of contemporary linguistics, notably natural language processing.
Abstract: In linguistics, the influence of the results by Tesnière cannot be underestimated: above all, he introduced the concepts of dependency and valency, which had a considerable influence in the development of linguistics by the second half 20th century. However, his Structural Syntax remains still uninvestigated in most parts: in particular, there is still no grammar formalism directly inspired by it, that is suitable for theoretical and practical applications in Artificial Intelligence and computational linguistics. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap, in proposing a formal grammar that adopts Tesnière’s intuitions and concepts of Structural Syntax – as much as possible – in adapting them to the needs of contemporary linguistics, notably natural language processing. The result of this modelling process is a new formalism derived from Tesnière’s, where natural language grammars are expressed in constructive mathematical terms (and therefore suitable for computational treatment) where the abstract notion of adposition is of the greatest importance. For these reasons, they are called Constructive Adpositional Grammars (CxAdGrams). This paper explains the linguistic and formal reasons of CxAdGrams, with a special regard to the heritage of Tesnière and its relations with existing dependency grammar formalisms in terms of similarities and differences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basis of the periodic table is discussed in this article, where a better basis is derived by considering the highest classical valency exhibited by an element and a new measure, the highest valency in carbonyl compounds (v*).
Abstract: The basis of the Periodic Table is discussed. Electronic configuration recurs in only 21 out of the 32 groups. A better basis is derived by considering the highest classical valency (v) exhibited by an element and a new measure, the highest valency in carbonyl compounds (v*). This leads to a table based on the number of outer electrons possessed by an atom (N) and the number of electrons required for it to achieve an inert (noble) gas configuration (N*). Periodicity of these is nearly complete. The new basis helps to settle the question of the best form of table and related issues.



01 Aug 2013
TL;DR: This contribution introduces an initial step to a new formal lexicographic representation of LVCs for the valency lexicon of Czech verbs, VALLEX, to decompose the information on an LVC between the verbal and nominal frames.
Abstract: Light verb constructions (LVCs) pose a serious challenge for both theoretical and applied linguistics as their syntactic structures are not solely determined by verbs alone but also by predicative nouns. In this contribution, we introduce an initial step to a new formal lexicographic representation of LVCs for the valency lexicon of Czech verbs, VALLEX. The main idea underlying our representation is to decompose the information on an LVC between (i) the verbal valency frame and (ii) the nominal valency frame. Both deep and surface syntactic structures of LVCs can be easily derived from the information given in the verbal and nominal frames by application of formal rules as they are introduced in this contribution.


Dissertation
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: This thesis explores the interrelationship of local grammar, meaning, and translation equivalence of the English verb CONSIDER, compared in a monolingual study with its near-synonyms BELIEVE, FEEL and THINK, and in a contrastive analysis with their German translation equivalents.
Abstract: This thesis explores the interrelationship of local grammar, meaning, and translation equivalence, using a case study of the English verb CONSIDER, compared in a monolingual study with its near-synonyms BELIEVE, FEEL and THINK, and in a contrastive analysis with their German translation equivalents. The methodology fuses corpus linguistics and valency grammar, analysing and comparing monolingual and parallel corpora. Corpus investigation is found to be a reliable tool in identifying key translation equivalents and in verifying sentence patterns. Valency theory is argued to be more successful than related approaches in distinguishing between different levels of language analysis. Its flexibility regarding complement categorisation types make it possible to define categories that can be applied to both German and English appropriately in a contrastive study, in spite of the surface differences between the two languages. The findings highlight the problems of investigating the interplay of lexis and grammar in a contrastive context, and indicate that from the perspective of translation, language is much less rule-based and less phraseological than is often assumed. Applications of the research to the field of bilingual lexicography are discussed. Based on the corpus analysis and the valency analysis some sample dictionary entries are proposed.

01 Aug 2013
TL;DR: This article examined the transitive nature of benefactives through a typological and corpus-based study, and found that they come in two types, with/without verbs of giving. But they also found that the reason why transitivity is not available in English is due to the lack of verb serialization, which is confirmed by the corpus data of benefactorives in Korean.
Abstract: Constructionists claim that despite surface realizations, goals and benefactives are distinct, which is attributed to different valency: benefactives, unlike goals, are transitive. I examine this claim through a typological and corpus-based study of benefactives. Typological excursion into benefactives shows they come in two types, ones with/without verbs of giving. For the former in which benefactives are expressed by a serial verb, a beneficiary is allowed in the presence of the verb of giving. It is argued that the reason why transitivity of benefactives is not available in English is due to the lack of verb serialization, which is confirmed by the corpus data of benefactives in Korean.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a complete classification or characterization of 1-regular Cayley graphs of valency $7, and prove that a 1 -regular graph is either normal or ≤ ≤ ≤ ≥ 1 ≤ ≤ β-normal.
Abstract: A graph $\Ga$ is called $1$-regular if $\Aut(\Ga)$ acts regularly on its arcs. In this paper, we give a complete classification or characterization of $1$-regular Cayley graphs valency $7$. We prove that a $1$-regular Cayley graph of valency $7$ is either normal or bi-normal, or is a normal cover of a core-free one(up to isomorphic). As far as we known the result for the classification of 1-regular graphs is scarcely. 10.1017/S0004972713000087


Book ChapterDOI
24 Mar 2013
TL;DR: An effective implementation is described that uses the syntactic information in the complex valency frames to resolve some of the standard parsing ambiguities, thereby improving the analysis results.
Abstract: In this paper an exploitation of the verb valency lexicons for the Czech parsing system Syntis presented and an effective implementation is described that uses the syntactic information in the complex valency frames to resolve some of the standard parsing ambiguities, thereby improving the analysis results. We discuss the implementation in detail and provide evaluation showing improvements in parsing accuracy on the Brno Phrasal Treebank.

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review two opposite thesis on the valency of deverbal nominais: preservation or reduction of arguments regarding the source predicate, and assess the criteria that support the thesis on valency reduction.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review two opposite thesis on the valency of deverbal nominais: preservation or reduction of arguments regarding the source predicate. We will be assessing the criteria that support the thesis on valency reduction, i.e.: i) the passive interpretation ascribed to the [N+de complement] structure (patient); ii) the formal opacity between valency complements and possessive modifiers; iii) the covert realization of some actants in specific contexts. The results of the analysis of a 278 nominalization sample are explained by means of the distinction between "potential valency" and "valency realization".

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculate the valence and the magnetization as functions of magnetic field and temperature for EuNi2 (Si0.18Ge0.82)2 with a single impurity Anderson model (SIAM), taking into account the effects of the first-order nature of field-and temperature-induced valence transitions, magnetic impurities, and the Van Vleck paramagnetism for the Eu3+ state.
Abstract: We calculate the valence and the magnetization as functions of magnetic field and temperature for EuNi2 (Si0.18Ge0.82)2 with a single impurity Anderson model (SIAM), taking into account the effects of (i) the first-order nature of field- and temperature-induced valence transitions, (ii) magnetic impurities, and (iii) the Van Vleck paramagnetism for the Eu3+ state, as well as of the mixed valency between the Eu2+ and Eu3+ configurations. The results are in good agreement with recent experimental results by the soft X-ray absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments and also with available data of magnetization measurements. The present SIAM is an improved version of that used to analyze the field-dependent valence observed by hard X-ray absorption measurements. We point out a serious inconsistency between experimental data for the valence observed by hard X-ray experiments and the magnetization curve, but this inconsistency is removed by the new valence data observed by soft X-ray experiments.