Showing papers on "Valency published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of valency-based topological descriptors of chemical networks is performed using some real world data, and the performance of almost all well-known valency based indices is investigated.
46 citations
TL;DR: Density functional theory calculations and STM image simulations yield detailed understanding of molecular chemisorption modes and their relation with the STM images, including inverted contrast with respect to the geometric differences found for one isomer.
Abstract: We use simple acid–base chemistry to control the valency in self-assembled monolayers of two different carboranedithiol isomers on Au{111}. Monolayer formation proceeds via Au–S bonding, where manipulation of pH prior to or during deposition enables the assembly of dithiolate species, monothiol/monothiolate species, or combination. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images identify two distinct binding modes in each unmodified monolayer, where simultaneous spectroscopic imaging confirms different dipole offsets for each binding mode. Density functional theory calculations and STM image simulations yield detailed understanding of molecular chemisorption modes and their relation with the STM images, including inverted contrast with respect to the geometric differences found for one isomer. Deposition conditions are modified with controlled equivalents of either acid or base, where the coordination of the molecules in the monolayers is controlled by protonating or deprotonating the second thiol/thiolate on ...
21 citations
TL;DR: The catalytic role of Cu ions in CO2 reduction on oxide-derived Cu has been elusive but in the presence of oxygen vacancy, COCO dimerization is predicted to be thermodynamically favorable with an accessible barrier on Cu4O3(202).
Abstract: The catalytic role of Cu ions in CO2 reduction on oxide-derived Cu has been elusive. In the presence of oxygen vacancy, CO⋯CO dimerization is predicted to be thermodynamically favorable with an accessible barrier on Cu4O3(202). The material's mixed valency is responsible for stabilizing the charge-separated (OC)δ+(CO)δ− intermediate.
20 citations
TL;DR: Electrical conductors are made from flat grid clusters of copper using mixed-valency and supramolecular interactions between the enveloping organic ligands.
Abstract: A hierarchical tandem assembly – coordination, oligomerisation and supramolecular organization – is identified using MALDI-TOF of the solid products of the solvothermal reaction of 5,5′-pyridyl-3,3′-bi-1H-pyrazole with CuSO4·5H2O in CH3OH–CH3CN. The initial coordination leads to a [3×3] [CuI4CuII5(L)6] (SO4)·2CH3OH (Cu9) grid followed by oligomerisation to a 3×[3×3] [CuI6CuII21(L)18(CN)6(SO4)](SO4)2·8CH3CN (Cu27) grid through bridging sulfate and in situ generated cyanide with time and subsequent supramolecular organization. The isolated silvery lustrous crystals, Cu9 and Cu27, are good electrical conductors, with conductivities of 3.2 × 10−2 and 5.4 × 10−3 S cm−1, respectively, due to the mixed valency. Their magnetic properties are dominated by antiferromagnetic interactions. DFT and band structure calculations confirm their valence distribution and semiconducting behavior. The planarity of the large 3×[3×3] Cu27 and its electro-activity renders it suitable for the development of large surface area molecular devices.
18 citations
01 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, mesoporous α-Fe2O3 thin film photoanodes with manganese oxide (Mn3O4+δ) co-catalysts are prepared by a dip-coating method.
Abstract: The development of efficient catalysts containing earth-abundant elements for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems is highly desired for low-cost energy storage and conversion. In this work, mesoporous α-Fe2O3 thin film photoanodes coated with manganese oxide (Mn3O4+δ) co-catalysts are prepared by a dip-coating method. The co-catalyst coating significantly enhances PEC water oxidation performance as compared with the uncoated α-Fe2O3. To understand the origin of this enhancement, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy is employed to monitor the valence state of Mn in the Mn3O4+δ co-catalyst as a function of applied potential. It is found that the enhancement of the photocurrent is governed by the Mn valency, and the most prominent enhancement takes place at the valency of ∼3.4+, which is due to the optimal eg electron filling in Mn cations as the electrocatalyst for OER. Our investigation indicates that the contribution of Mn3O4+δ co-catalyst to OER kinetics is variable...
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown via a quantitative analysis that the suppression of the carrier density in compositions exhibiting superconductivity and Kondo-like behavior can be explained by mixed valency, thus arguing against a selfcompensation scenario proposed elsewhere for this material and strengthening the case for valence fluctuation models.
Abstract: Upon doping with Tl the narrow band-gap semiconductor PbTe exhibits anomalously high-temperature superconductivity despite a very low carrier-density as well as signatures of the Kondo effect despite an absence of magnetic moments. These phenomena have been explained by invoking $2e$ fluctuations of the valence of the Tl dopants, but a direct measurement of the mixed valency implied by such a mechanism has not been reported to date. In this work we present the unambiguous observation of multiple valences of Tl in Tl-doped PbTe via photoemission spectroscopy measurements. It is shown via a quantitative analysis that the suppression of the carrier density in compositions exhibiting superconductivity and Kondo-like behavior can be accounted for by mixed valency, thus arguing against a self-compensation scenario proposed elsewhere for this material and strengthening the case for valence fluctuation models. In addition to the identification of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}$ a possible third intermediate local charge-density is suggested by full fits to the data, the origins of which are also discussed but remain unclear.
13 citations
Dissertation•
23 May 2018
TL;DR: Transitivity is the ability of a lexeme to have an object in accusative case and an intransitive verb is a verb that can but does not have to have a object in accuser case.
Abstract: semantics. Key term 15 (Transitivity) Transitivity is the ability of a lexeme to have an object in accusative case. A transitive verb is a verb that can but does not have to have an object in accusative case. An intransitive verb is a verb that cannot have an object in accusative
11 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that all such graphs are 2-arc-transitive and the full automorphism groups are almost simple with the only exception the graphs being the complete bipartite graphs, and a complete classification is given of such graphs with soluble edge stabilizers.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors classify commutative weakly distance-regular digraphs of valency 3 with girth more than 2 and one type of arcs, and combine [8, Theorem 1.2], [10, Theorems 1.3] and [11, theorem 1].
7 citations
TL;DR: This paper shows a valency bound for distance-regular graphs with a relatively large, in absolute value, smallest eigenvalue, and classifies the non-bipartite distance- regular graphs with diameter at most three with smallesteigenvalue not larger than − k / 2, where k is the valency of the graph.
7 citations
11 Jun 2018
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: A complete, automated, and efficient approach for utilizing valency analysis in making dependency parsing decisions, which includes extraction of valency patterns, a probabilistic model for tagging these patterns, and a joint decoding process that explicitly considers the number and types of each token’s syntactic dependents.
Abstract: We present a complete, automated, and efficient approach for utilizing valency analysis in making dependency parsing decisions It includes extraction of valency patterns, a probabilistic model for tagging these patterns, and a joint decoding process that explicitly considers the number and types of each token’s syntactic dependents On 53 treebanks representing 41 languages in the Universal Dependencies data, we find that incorporating valency information yields higher precision and F1 scores on the core arguments (subjects and complements) and functional relations (eg, auxiliaries) that we employ for valency analysis Precision on core arguments improves from 8087 to 8543 We further show that our approach can be applied to an ostensibly different formalism and dataset, Tree Adjoining Grammar as extracted from the Penn Treebank; there, we outperform the previous state-of-the-art labeled attachment score by 07 Finally, we explore the potential of extending valency patterns beyond their traditional domain by confirming their helpfulness in improving PP attachment decisions
TL;DR: In this article, all connected valency seven symmetric graphs of order 2pq are classified, where p, q are distinct primes, and for odd primes p and q, there is an infinite family of one-regular graphs with solvable automorphism groups.
Abstract: A graph is said to be symmetric if its automorphism group acts transitively on its arcs. In this paper, all connected valency seven symmetric graphs of order 2pq are classified, where p, q are distinct primes. It follows from the classification that there is a unique connected valency seven symmetric graph of order 4p, and that for odd primes p and q, there is an infinite family of connected valency seven one-regular graphs of order 2pq with solvable automorphism groups, and there are four sporadic ones with nonsolvable automorphism groups, which is 1, 2, 3-arc transitive, respectively. In particular, one of the four sporadic ones is primitive, and the other two of the four sporadic ones are bi-primitive.
08 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a single phase hexagonal bulk SrMnO3 (SMO) was prepared by solid state route and it was used for depositing thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on single crystalline (100) oriented SrTiO3 substrate.
Abstract: Single phase hexagonal bulk SrMnO3 (SMO) was prepared by solid state route and it was used for depositing thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on single crystalline (100) oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. X-ray diffraction shows that the thin film is deposited in cubic SrMnO3 phase. From X-ray absorption at the Mn L edge we observed the mixed valency of Mn (Mn3+& Mn4+) due to strain induced by the lattice mismatching between SMO and STO. Due to this mixed valency of Mn ion in SMO film, the ferromagnetic nature is observed at lower temperature because of double exchange. After post annealing with very low oxygen partial pressure, magnetic and electronic property of SMO films are effectively modified.
Proceedings Article•
01 May 2018
TL;DR: Developments in the Składnica treebank of Polish which were possible due to the switch to the Walenty valency dictionary, including systematic changes of notation and resolving ambiguity between semantically motivated phrases.
Abstract: This paper reports on developments in the Składnica treebank of Polish which were possible due to the switch to the Walenty valency dictionary. The change required several modifications in the Świgra parser, such as implementing unlike coordination, semantically motivated phrases, and non-standard case values. A procedure to upgrade manually disambiguated trees of Składnica was required as well. Modifications introduced in the treebank included systematic changes of notation and resolving ambiguity between semantically
TL;DR: This paper gives a characterization of the vertex-stabilizers of (G, s)-transitive graphs of prime valency when Gα is unsolvable.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered analytic functions in the unit disc D satisfying Ozaki's condition that Re{f(p)(z)> 0, |z| < 1}. And they proved some interesting implications of this condition.
Abstract: In this paper we consider analytic functions in the unit disc D satisfying
the Ozaki’s condition that Re{f(p)(z)> 0, |z| < 1. We prove some
implications of this condition and we estimate the order of strongly
starlikeness of f (p-3)(z).
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper applies algebraic number theory and maps defined on the groups PSL(2, p ) in the case of odd prime valency ≥ 5 and valency 9 , and using coverings for the remaining odd valencies.
Abstract: The main result of D. Archdeacon, M. Conder and J. \v{S}ir\'a\v{n} [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 366 (2014) 8, 4491-4512] implies existence of a regular, self-dual and self-Petrie dual map of any given even valency. In this paper we extend this result to any odd valency $\ge 5$. This is done by algebraic number theory and maps defined on the groups ${\rm PSL}(2,p)$ in the case of odd prime valency $\ge 5$ and valency $9$, and by coverings for the remaining odd valencies.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a complete classification for locally-primitive arc-transitive graphs with square-free order and valency 10 is presented, involving nine graphs and three infini...
Abstract: In this paper, we present a complete classification for locally-primitive arc-transitive graphs which have square-free order and valency 10. The classification involves nine graphs and three infini...
Posted Content•
TL;DR: It is shown that if a connected graph with smallest eigenvalue at least $$-3$$-3 has large minimal valency, then it is 2-integrable, and a lower bound for the minimalValency is 166.
Abstract: Koolen et al. showed that if a connected graph with smallest eigenvalue at least $-3$ has large minimal valency, then it is $2$-integrable. In this paper, we will prove that a lower bound for the minimal valency is 166.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relation between perceptual, cognitive, emotional processes, and linguistic experience within the observer framework and concluded that the ternion in question is a component of human expressivity constituting the semiotic space of the thymic category.
Abstract: The current study addresses the nature of the relation between perceptual, cognitive, emotional processes, and linguistic experience within the observer framework. As an extension of the already conducted investigations into the semiotics of the sensible, the conceptual triad SENSE : FEELING : EMOTION is introduced. The study argues that the ternion in question is a component of human expressivity constituting the semiotic space of the thymic category. The synergism of cognitive-semantic characteristics of the three concepts under study corresponds to the basic level of categorisation in modern English. More significantly, the aim of the analysis is to consider the valency models of the names of the conceptual triad SENSE : FEELING : EMOTION as well as their collocability potential. The present paper highlights that the structures of predicate valency of conceptual dependencies FEELING → SENSE (the valency index equals 0,38) outnumber the analogous structures FEELING → EMOTION (the valency index equals 0,24). The structures of object valency of the combinations FEELING → EMOTION (the valency index is 0,9) prevail over the combinations SENSE → FEELING (with the valency index of 0,1). The data obtained confirm the idea that the correlation between observer and observable is twofold: cognitive-perceptual correlation denotes the observer’s outward perspective, whereas cognitive-emotional correlation denotes the observer’s inward perspective.
15 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the interrelations between verbal aspect and the verbal valency of simplex verbs and compound verbs with prefixes, and present examples of verbs with unchanged valency when the prefix expresses phasality, delimitation or aspectuality.
Abstract: This article presents the interrelations between verbal aspect and the verbal valency of simplex verbs and compound verbs with prefixes. It presents (nonloan) prefixes that change the valency of compound verbs compared to simplex verbs and presents examples of verbs with unchanged valency. The valency remains unchanged when the prefix expresses phasality, delimitation or aspectuality (perfectivity). Semantic and valency overlap between a simplex and compound verb can only exist when they are in clear aspectual correlation.
01 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss valency patterns and their alternations in Indonesian using a list of 70 meanings proposed by Malchukov and Comrie (2010) and show that the attachment of the suffix suffix -i and -kan to the base form mostly produced locative-causative pattern alternations.
Abstract: Every language has a verb category. Verbs can be classified in a number of different ways. For this study, the classification used is based on the number of the elements needed by a certain verb in order to build a grammatical sentence. The element which is required by a verb is termed valency. The verbs Indonesian are generally classified into: affixless and affixed verbs. For the affixed verbs, the base form can be: adjectives, nouns, ‘precategorials’ or even verbs. The focus of this study is to discuss valency patterns and their alternations in Indonesian using a list of 70 meanings proposed by Malchukov and Comrie (2010). The result of the study showed that the attachment of the suffix –i and –kan to the base form mostly produced locative-causative pattern alternations. The result of this study is relevant not only to the understanding of the theoretical aspects of the valency alternation, but it is also useful as the theoretical basis for compiling valency dictionary for Indonesian.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the verb valency of the Sumerian expression nir ĝal2 has been studied and it is suggested that the basic meaning of nir ǫ al2 is to give off an aura of authority; show authority.
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this article is to study the verb valency of the Sumerian expression nir ĝal2. The attestations point to two different meanings that are related to different arguments. It is suggested that the basic meaning of nir ĝal2 is „to give off an aura of authority; show authority“. The comitative argument indicates thanks to whom, the ablative argument by means of what someone shows authority. The meaning „to trust“ would result from a valency expansion, which can be traced to at least the beginning of the second millennium and could have been influenced by the construction of the Akkadian verb takālu „to trust“. The object of trust is expressed by means of the terminative (things) and dative (persons) arguments. The locative is mostly used as a peripheral argument expressing the place or situation in which someone shows authority.
06 Aug 2018
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if Γ is a uniquely shift-transitive graph of valency 5 and SΓ is the set of shifts of Γ then 〈SΓ〉, the subgroup generated by S Γ was an Abelian regular subgroup of Aut(Γ).
Abstract: An automorphism σ of a finite simple graph Γ is a shift, if for every vertex v ∈ V(Γ), σv is adjacent to v in Γ. The graph Γ is shift-transitive, if for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ V(Γ) there exists a sequence of shifts σ1, σ2, ..., σk ∈ Aut(Γ) such that σ1σ2...σku = v. If, in addition, for every pair of adjacent vertices u, v ∈ V(Γ) there exists exactly one shift σ ∈ Aut(Γ) sending u to v, then Γ is uniquely shift-transitive. The purpose of this paper is to prove that, if Γ is a uniquely shift-transitive graph of valency 5 and SΓ is the set of shifts of Γ then 〈SΓ〉, the subgroup generated by SΓ is an Abelian regular subgroup of Aut(Γ).