Showing papers on "Valency published in 2019"

Structural features of 19Al2O3-19Fe2O3-62P2O5 glass from a theoretical and experimental point of view

Abstract: The subject of the studies is polyphosphate glass of 19Al 2 O 3 -19Fe 2 O 3 -62P 2 O 5 composition. The glass was investigated with the application of experimental methods like FT-IR, Raman, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared to theoretical studies which were conducted on different theory levels like MD, CPMD and DFT simulations. According to the conducted studies the phosphate network is built of different length chains which are joined by iron-oxygen and aluminum-oxygen polyhedrons which increase polymerization and rigidity of the glass network. The iron ions are nonuniformly distributed and form rich and poor regions. Mossbauer hyperfine interaction parameters were calculated and compared with the obtained experimental results. It was observed linear dependence of Mayer's bond order parameters on bond lengths and values of full valency were calculated. The values are comparable to the formal charges what gives an easy possibility to distinguish between Fe(III) and Fe(II) ions.

Linear Trimer Formation with Antiferromagnetic Ordering in 1T-CrSe2 Originating from Peierls-like Instabilities and Interlayer Se-Se Interactions.

Abstract: Anomalous successive structural transitions in layered 1T-CrSe2 with an unusual Cr4+ valency were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. 1T-CrSe2 exhibits dramatic structural changes in in- ...

Towards an English Constructicon using patterns and frames

Abstract: Recent research in construction grammar has been marked by increasing efforts to create constructicons: detailed inventories of form-meaning pairs to describe the grammar of a given language, following the principles of construction grammar. This paper describes proposals for building a new constructicon of English, based on the combination of the COBUILD Grammar Patterns and the semantic frames of FrameNet. In this case study, the valency information from FrameNet was automatically matched to the verb patterns of COBUILD, in order to identify the frames that each pattern is associated with. We find that the automatic procedure must be complemented by a good deal of manual annotation. We examine the “V that” pattern in particular, illustrating how the frame information can be used to describe this pattern in terms of constructions.

Interacting multivalent molecules: affinity and valence impact the extent and symmetry of phase separation

Abstract: Self-assembly by phase separation is emerging as a powerful and ubiquitous mechanism to organize and compartmentalize biomolecules in cells. Most of the proteins involved in phase separation have a fixed number of binding sites, i.e., fixed multivalency. Therefore, extending theories of phase separation to multivalent components with a fixed number of binding sites is an important challenge. In this work, we develop a simple lattice model for a three-component system composed of two multivalent proteins and the solvent. We show that interaction strength as well as valency of the protein components determine the extent of phase separation, whereas valency alone determines the symmetry of the phase diagram. Our theoretical predictions agree with experimental results on a synthetic system of proteins with tunable interaction strength and valency.

Identifying valency and occupation sites of Ir dopants in antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 thin films with X-ray absorption fine structure and Mössbauer spectroscopy

Abstract: A combined analysis of Ir-doped α-Fe2O3 (001) films, which show a drastic enhancement in the Morin transition temperature as a result of Ir doping, was performed by employing X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and Mossbauer spectroscopy analyses at room temperature. The Mossbauer spectra reveal that the valency of Fe remains 3+ after Ir doping. The XANES spectra indicate that the valency of the Ir ion in Ir-doped α-Fe2O3 varies from 3+ to 4+. The EXAFS analysis results clarified that the Ir ions occupy the Fe-sites of α-Fe2O3. These findings help elucidate the mechanism for controlling the Morin transition temperature in α-Fe2O3 films toward antiferromagnetic spintronic applications.

Dynamical Bonding Driving Mixed Valency in a Metal Boride

Abstract: Samarium hexaboride is an anomaly, having many exotic and seemingly mutually incompatible properties. It was proposed to be a mixed-valent semiconductor, and later - a topological Kondo insulator, and yet has a Fermi surface despite being an insulator. We propose a new and unified understanding of SmB$_6$ centered on the hitherto unrecognized dynamical bonding effect: the coexistence of two Sm-B bonding modes within SmB$_6$, corresponding to different oxidation states of the Sm. The mixed valency arises in SmB$_6$ from thermal population of these distinct minima enabled by motion of B. Our model simultaneously explains the thermal valence fluctuations, appearance of magnetic Fermi surface, excess entropy at low temperatures, pressure-induced phase transitions, and related features in Raman spectra and their unexpected dependence on temperature and boron isotope.

A syntactic motivation for valency reduction: Antipassive constructions in Ulwa

Abstract: Abstract:Ulwa, a Papuan language spoken in the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea, has nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment. In addition to a typologically unusual passive construction, Ulwa exhibits two other valency-reducing phenomena, both of which resemble antipassivization. One of these constructions involves a special verbal prefix, but differs from canonical antipassive constructions in that it disallows the overt expression of a demoted object. In the other construction, however, which exhibits no special verbal morphology, the logical direct object is expressed with obligatory oblique marking. Although antipassives are often explained as syntactic operations that are motivated by pragmatic considerations, the situation in Ulwa appears to be different. Rather, antipassive constructions in Ulwa are generally motivated by syntactic constraints. These constraints have nothing to do with the requirements of some ergative languages to enable an actor to serve as a pivot, but rather depend on surface word order. This paper examines the relationship between syntax and pragmatics in valency-reducing strategies. It also suggests how the facts of Ulwa pose challenges for case-absorption analyses of antipassives.

Towards a valency and argument structure constructicon of English: Turning the valency patternbank into a constructicon

Abstract: Abstract This article describes the project of a Valency Constructicon, i. e. a constructicon that covers low level valency constructions of individual verbs and links them to more general argument structure constructions. It will be shown how the Erlangen Valency Patternbank can be converted into a constructicon. The project is intended to develop a new type of reference work, but at the same time it can be seen as a test case for constructionist theory with respect to the generalizability of constructions.

Regular self-dual and self-Petrie-dual maps of arbitrary valency

Abstract: The existence of a regular, self-dual and self-Petrie-dual map of any given even valency has been proved by D. Archdeacon, M. Conder and J. Siraň (2014). In this paper we extend this result to any odd valency ≥ 5 . This is done using algebraic number theory and maps defined on the groups PSL(2, p ) in the case of odd prime valency ≥ 5 and valency 9 , and using coverings for the remaining odd valencies.

On the Valency of Various Types of Adverbs and Its Lexicographic Description

Abstract: Abstract This paper deals with the neglected issue of the valency of adverbs. After providing a brief theoretical background, a procedure is presented of extracting the list of potentially valent adverbs from two syntactically parsed corpora of Czech, SYN2015 and PDT. Taking note of the methodological and theoretical problems surrounding this task, especially those relating to the fuzzy boundaries of word classes, we outline the types of adverbs identified as having valency properties. Where appropriate, we comment on – and occasionally suggest improvements in – the lexicographic treatment of valent adverbs.

Valency and English learners’ thesauri

Abstract: Learners’ thesauri do not simply offer an inventory of semantically related lexical items but explicate their nuances and furnish users with rich syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information. Adopting the theoretical framework of valency, this study examines the distinctive features of two English learners’ thesauri, the Oxford Learner’s Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms (OLT) and the Longman Language Activator (LLA). Furthermore, the study, supported by learner corpus evidence, empirically assesses the usefulness of OLT and LLA in Chinese learners’ writing. The results demonstrate that learners’ thesauri can generally meet the practical needs of users in writing through providing a range of synonyms and syntactic patterns, including abundant information on semantic collocations, and offering rich pragmatic information regarding registers and emotive variables. The results also show some defects in OLT and LLA, such as their failure to present specific syntactic patterns, including those frequently used in Chinese learners’ compositions. It is then suggested that the compilation of learners’ thesauri draw upon the ways in which lexical information is presented in the English Valency Dictionary, and that learner corpora and native speaker corpora be combined to improve their usefulness.

L2-constructions that go together – more on valency constructions and learner language

Abstract: Abstract This paper sets out to illustrate differences between learner language and the language of native speakers by a number of tests carried out with students of English at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. The first part of the experiment aims at testing knowledge of collocations: In order to compare to what extent combinations of certain words are stored in the constructica of native speakers and advanced learners of English, we used the test battery developed by Dąbrowska (2014): although, as was to be expected, on the whole, native speakers displayed a much greater competence at judging which combinations of words can be regarded as established collocations, interestingly, some learners outperformed some native speakers. The second part of the project was designed to explore the number and types of different valency constructions informants produce on being provided with a verbal stimulus. It is very interesting to see that, given the stimulus word caught, for example, the non-native speakers would predominantly produce sentences with police, thief, murderer, suspect etc. which do not rank amongst the 50 top collexemes of caught in the British National Corpus. We would thus argue that an analysis of the words used in particular slots of argument structure constructions (i.e. the collexemes or itecxes) provides a useful means of characterizing the language of advanced learners and to underscore the importance of collo-phenomena in language teaching.

On the Integrability of Strongly Regular Graphs

Abstract: Koolen et al. showed that if a connected graph with smallest eigenvalue at least $$-3$$ has large minimal valency, then it is 2-integrable. In this paper, we will prove that a lower bound for the minimal valency is 166.

Non-Systemic Valency Behavior of Czech Deverbal Nouns Based on the NomVallex Lexicon

Abstract: Abstract In order to describe non-systemic valency behavior of Czech deverbal nouns, we present results of an automatic comparison of valency frames of interlinked noun and verbal lexical units included in valency lexicons NomVallex and VALLEX. We show that the non-systemic valency behavior of the nouns is mostly manifested by non-systemic forms of their actants, while changes in the number or type of adnominal actants are negligible as for their frequency. Non-systemic forms considerably contribute to a general increase in the number of forms in valency frames of nouns compared to the number of forms in valency frames of their base verbs. The non-systemic forms are more frequent in valency frames of non-productively derived nouns than in valency frames of productively derived ones.

Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network B N m n $B\text N_{m}^{n}$

Abstract: Abstract Bakelite network BNmn $BN_{m}^{n}$is a molecular graph of bakelite, a pioneering and revolutionary synthetic polymer (Thermosetting Plastic) and regarded as the material of a thousand uses. In this paper, we aim to compute various degree-based topological indices of a molecular graph of bakelite network BNmn $BN_{m}^{n}$. These molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in QSPR/QSAR studies in describing the chemical and physical properties of Bakelite network BNmn $BN_{m}^{n}$. We computed atom-bond connectivity ABC its fourth version ABC4 geometric arithmetic GA its fifth version GA5 Narumi-Katayama, sum-connectivity and Sanskruti indices, first, second, modified and augmented Zagreb indices, inverse and general Randic’ indices, symmetric division, harmonic and inverse sum indices of BNmn $BN_{m}^{n}$.

Valency and transitivity in a contact variety: the evidence from Cameroon Pidgin English

Abstract: We explore valency and transitivity patterns in Cameroon Pidgin English (cpe) from a language contact perspective, with particular focus on (a) lexical and (b) constructional phenomena. With respect to (a), many verbs of English origin surface in cpe with additional senses and valency properties to those they display in the lexifier, illustrating the drive towards polysemy in a language with a relatively small lexicon. We also describe category change, whereby English non-verbal expressions (typically adjectives) emerge as verbs in cpe. In terms of (b), verbs undergo valency changes as a consequence of participation in productive serial verb constructions. These constructions are built around a small set of high-frequency verbs, some of which also occur in the light verb construction, which represents another strategy for the creation of complex predicates. We review the evidence for constructional substrate influence. The data under discussion are drawn from two small corpora of spoken cpe.

A family of edge-transitive Cayley graphs

Abstract: Edge-transitive graphs of order a prime or a product of two distinct primes with any positive integer valency, and of square-free order with valency at most 7 have been classified by a series of papers. In this paper, a complete classification is given of edge-transitive Cayley graphs of square-free order with valency less than the smallest prime divisor of the order. This leads to new constructions of infinite families of both arc-regular Cayley graphs and edge-regular Cayley graphs (so half-transitive). Also, as by-products, it is proved that, for any given positive integers $$k,s\ge 1$$ and $$m,n\ge 2$$ , there are infinitely many arc-regular normal circulants of valency 2k and order a product of s primes, and there are infinitely many edge-regular normal metacirculants of valency 2m and order a product of n primes; such arc-regular and edge-regular examples are also specifically constructed.

Verb Valency in Listening Comprehension Practice of the TOEFL Test

Abstract: This article is about verb valences which discuss the link of elements in language. It is the relationship between verbs and elements or constituents around them in their capacity as basic constituents of building sentences. The basic constituents include the transitivity and verb assignment to the surrounding arguments so that there are one-valent (monovalency), two-valent (bivalency) and even three-valent (trivalency) forms found. The data analysis method used is a referential equivalent method with the basic technique of powering it to differentiate referents. The basic technique used is the technique of determining the determinant elements by powering them to differentiate the referents. This technique is used to sort or classify the valency structure of verbs in the matter of Listening Comprehension practice of the TOEFL test. The source of data is from The Complete Guide to the TOEFL Test written by Bruce Rogers. As the result, there are verb with one, two and three valences. A mono-valent verb in a sentence or clause is a verb form which is only compounded with one dependent element and is the subject of that clause. The verbs with two valences are also found in the exercise. The verbs that can bind two arguments at once and usually the argument is the subject and grammatical object of the sentence, and both must be attached simultaneously. A three-valent verb appears in a sentence or clause that has a syntactic / periphrasis causative construction.

Bond-counting potentials: A classical many-body model of covalent bonding with exact solutions in one dimension.

Abstract: We introduce "bond-counting" potentials, which provide an elementary description of covalent bonding. These simplistic potentials are intended for studies of the mechanisms behind a variety of phase transitions in elemental melts, including the liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) in phosphorus and bismuth. As a first study employing such potentials, an analytic solution of a one-dimensional model system is presented, including its thermodynamic properties and its structure factor. In the simplest case, the chemical valency of each atom is 1, and either single atoms or diatomic molecules are present. At low temperatures and moderate pressures, the system consists almost exclusively of molecules, and single atoms act as topological defects. A slightly more complicated case involves a valency of 2, with either single or double bonding. This system exhibits a first-order LLPT from a molecular to a polymeric phase as in phosphorus. In this case, the one-dimensional model system exhibits phase separation for finite-sized systems at low temperatures. A variant of this system also exhibits a nonequilibrium phase transformation upon heating the molecular condensed phase, qualitatively similar to boiling in white phosphorus.

Magnetic and electronic properties of off-stoichiometric SrMnO3 thin film on SrTiO3 (100) substrate

Abstract: Single phase bulk hexagonal SrMnO3(SMO) bulk was prepared by solid state reaction technique and was used for depositing its films using pulsed laser deposition technique(PLD) on (001) SrTiO3(STO) substrate. Interestingly, phase obtained in thin film form is of cubic SrMnO3(c-SMO), because at low oxygen partial pressure cubic phase is stable. Due to lattice mismatching with STO and oxygen vacancy, c-SMO thin film shows ferromagnetic behaviorat low temperature, which confirms the mixed valency of Mn in the thin film (Mn3+/Mn4+), and due to mixed valency double exchange dominates at low temperature.

The Valency Structure Of English And Tatar Verbs Of Motion In The Comparative Aspect

Abstract: The theory of valency is one of the most important topics of modern linguistics. The valency analysis is directly related to the practice of teaching and learning languages in linguistics. The given research is aimed at considering the valency structure of Tatar and English verbsof motion. The relevance of the topic is determined by its general theoretical significance. The comprehensive study of the valency structure of Tatar and English verbs makes a significant contribution to the study of the theory of semantic syntax of these languages. The choice of verbs of motion is also not accidental. The versatility of the semantic structure of this group of verbs takes the first place among other thematic groups. The scientific novelty of the research is that it conducts the comparative study of valency properties and variants of Tatar and English verbs of motion. The work involves experiencing the comprehensive study of valency properties of the main lexico-semantic group of verbs: verbs of motion. Due to the fact that it is impossible to describe in detail all the lexical-semantic groups of verbs within the framework of one study, we limited ourselves to considering the main thematic group – the verbs of motion.

Wybrane przykłady walencji czasownikowej w języku mieszkańców polskiej części Spisza (na materiale z Korpusu Spiskiego)

Abstract: The article is concerned with the studies of local dialects, their syntactic structures, and verb valency. More specifically, the text presents several cases of verb valency distinctive for the Polish Spisz dialect. Instances of those structures are excerpted from the Spisz Dialect Corpus, which is being developed at the Institute of Polish Language at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow within the project „Jezyk mieszkancow Spisza. Korpus tekstow i nagran gwarowych”. The main body of the text presents a description of the examples found in the corpus, along with their social characteristics and explanation of how they are different from standard Polish, compared with data from such sources as „Walenty” or „Wielki slownik jezyka polskiego”. Inter alia, it is shown that none of the structures analysed are limited to a single place, and the most popular is present in many parts of Spisz. In addition, several structures are characteristic of all age groups or culturally bound. Furthermore, certain instances of verb valency could have existed in general Polish in the past.