Valency

About: Valency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1632 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26141 citations.

An Outline of Valency-Reducing Operations in Chukchi

Abstract: This paper is an exploration of the valency-reducing operations in Chukchi. Our purpose is to deepen our theoretical understanding of the voice system in Chukchi, focusing on the morpho logical processes that mark the relationship between intransitive verbs and transitive verbs: the antipassive, the refl exive and the anticausative. In Chukchi, noun incorporation is also related to valency-reducing operations. When an object is incorporated into the verb stem, the number of core arguments the verb takes is reduced by one, and the verb is detransitivized. So, we will also briefl y introduce object incorporation in Chukchi.

Magnetic and electronic properties of off-stoichiometric SrMnO3 thin film on SrTiO3 (100) substrate

Abstract: Single phase bulk hexagonal SrMnO3(SMO) bulk was prepared by solid state reaction technique and was used for depositing its films using pulsed laser deposition technique(PLD) on (001) SrTiO3(STO) substrate. Interestingly, phase obtained in thin film form is of cubic SrMnO3(c-SMO), because at low oxygen partial pressure cubic phase is stable. Due to lattice mismatching with STO and oxygen vacancy, c-SMO thin film shows ferromagnetic behaviorat low temperature, which confirms the mixed valency of Mn in the thin film (Mn3+/Mn4+), and due to mixed valency double exchange dominates at low temperature.

Metal oxide for electroceramics

Abstract: PURPOSE:To increase the mechanical strength, such as transverse strength, etc. by incorporating a metal atom in the amt. smaller than the stoichiometric amt. in the specified perovskite metal oxide for electroceramics. CONSTITUTION:In the perovskite metal oxide shown by the formula, A(B, C)xDyO3, the metal element shown by B is incorporated in the amt. smaller than the stoichiometric amt. by 1-25atom.% to obtain the aimed metal oxide for electroceramics. In the formula, A is a bivalent metal element having 12 oxygen coordination number or >=2 kinds of metal elements incorporated in such ratio that the mean valency is controlled to two. In addition, C is a metal element having 6 oxygen coordination number, and D is a 4 valent metal element having 6 oxygen coordination number or >=2 kinds of metal elements incorporated in such ratio that the mean valency is controlled to four. Besides, the B element and C element are incorporated so that the mean valency of the elements is controlled to four, (x) is >=0.05, and the sum of (x) and (y) is 0.95-1.05.

Verb Concept Selection using Co-occurrence Information of Verb Concepts: A Mechanism in an Integrated Narrative Generation System

Abstract: An integrated narrative generation system, which we develop, generates an event concept by referring to noun and verb concepts than a conceptual dictionary. However, the noun and verb concepts were selected at random. Considering the choice of the noun concept, we used the frequency information and co-occurrence information. Furthermore, we implement a similar method considering the verb concept selection. The method of the verb concept selection based on frequency information assumed in this paper premises that the appearance frequency of all concepts is prepared for. When it is extreme that all the candidates of a certain verb concept are of frequency 0, the concept of selection based on the frequency is in good agreement with the conventional random selection without functioning. Therefore, we suggest a method using the co-occurrence information between the concepts. We demonstrate a calculation result of the frequency information using the co-occurrence information in the verb concept when the frequency information becomes 0, in particular in the calculation method of the frequency information.

The determination of the valency of manganese in mineralogical and environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy

Abstract: Abstract The Kβ X-ray emission spectrum arising from 3p → 1s transitions in transition metal ions can be complicated by interaction between unpaired 3d electrons and the odd 3p electron in the final state. A non-diagram line, Kβ′ appears at lower emission energy than the diagram line Kβ1,3. For lighter transition metals the intensity ratio of Kβ′ to Kβ1,3 decreases with the number of unpaired 3d electrons. This enables this intensity ratio to be used to determine oxidation state. This effect is demonstrated for the simple oxides MnO, Mn2O3 and MnO2, and for the anion MnO4−. Distinct spectra are obtained that can be related to the oxidation state of the manganese. The valency of manganese is then determined in mineral samples and in sand grains coated with manganese encrustations from water purification plants.