Topic
Valency
About: Valency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1632 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26141 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the grain boundary fracture behaviors at ambient temperature on the binary Ll 2 -type A 3 B ordered alloys, which consist of the elements of group VIII in the first row of the periodic table as the A atom and the widely different elements ranging from groups IV a to IV b as the B atom.
133 citations
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01 May 1937
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative theory of phase boundaries in alloys between the face-centred and the body-centered cubic structures is given, applied in detail to alloys in which copper is the major constituent.
Abstract: A quantitative theory of the phase boundaries in alloys between the face-centred and the body-centred cubic structures is given. The theory is applied in detail to alloys in which copper is the major constituent. The width of the (?+?) mixed-crystal region is obtained with fair approximation; it is found that the width of this region decreases with increasing valency of the solute element, a result which is in accordance with experiment. The variation with temperature of the limits of the ? and ? regions is obtained also, and again agreement with observations is fairly satisfactory.
130 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used synchrotron radiation available at the EL ectron S tretcher A ccelerator ELSA in Bonn to obtain X-ray absorption spectra for a number of selected chromium compounds of known chemical structure.
128 citations
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TL;DR: This study provides valuable guidelines for developing an efficient Mn-based catalyst under neutral conditions with controlled Mn valency and atomic arrangement and observed that Li2MnP2O7 itself exhibits superior catalytic performance compared with MnO or MnO2.
Abstract: The development of a water oxidation catalyst has been a demanding challenge for the realization of overall water-splitting systems. Although intensive studies have explored the role of Mn element in water oxidation catalysis, it has been difficult to understand whether the catalytic capability originates mainly from either the Mn arrangement or the Mn valency. In this study, to decouple these two factors and to investigate the role of Mn valency on catalysis, we selected a new pyrophosphate-based Mn compound (Li2MnP2O7), which has not been utilized for water oxidation catalysis to date, as a model system. Due to the monophasic behavior of Li2MnP2O7 with delithiation, the Mn valency of Li2-xMnP2O7 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 1) can be controlled with negligible change in the crystal framework (e.g., volume change ∼1%). Moreover, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex-situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure, galvanostatic charging–discharging, and cyclic voltammetry analysi...
127 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that the maximum-intensity as well as the Pearson and Walsh-Dray methods show larger relative changes of the ratio between Mn3+ and Mn4+ than curve-fitting, and the Walsh-dray method promises the most accurate determination of small valency shifts.
127 citations