Valency

About: Valency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1632 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26141 citations.

Exploitation of the verbalex verb valency lexicon in the syntactic analysis of czech

Abstract: This paper presents an exploitation of the lexicon of verb valencies for the Czech language named VerbaLex. The VerbaLex lexicon format, called complex valency frames, comprehends all the information found in three independent electronic dictionaries of verb valency frames and it is intensively linked to the Czech WordNet semantic network. The NLP laboratory at FI MU Brno develops a deep syntactic analyzer of Czech sentences, the parsing system synt. The system is based on an efficient and fast head-driven chart parsing algorithm. We present the latest results of using the information contained in the VerbaLex lexicon as one of the language specific features used in the tree ranking algorithm for the Best Analysis Selection algorithm, which is a crucial part of the syntactic analyser of free word order languages.

Macroscopic and microscopic typology: Basic Valence Orientation, more pertinacious than meets the naked eye

Abstract: Basic Valence Orientation has been suggested as a typological para- meter by Nichols, Peterson, & Barnes (2004). Generalising over the entire lexicon, the idea is that languages can be distinguished as transitivising or detransitivis- ing, depending on whether their verbs are basically intransitive or transitive and the opposite valency values require some means of derivation, such as causativi- sation or decausativisation. Whereas derivedness among valency opposites is assessed through easy-to-spot overt segmental morphological or syntactic markers by Nichols et al. (2004), we argue that PHONOLOGICAL alternations, on their own or attendant upon conjugation class switches between intransitives and transitives, can be as directed as derivations are which are implemented through adding segmental markers. Illustrating from German, we show that stem vowel patterns in strong and corresponding weak verbs (with the former expressing inflectional categories through ablaut) as well as umlaut alternations in verb derivation are systematically involved in valency oppositions and are both directed. Thus, German emerges as being typologically mixed, being strongly transitivising on the grounds of such asymmetric formal patterns, while also showing (as observed by Nichols et al. 2004) a detransitivising or indeterminate disposition through syntactic "middle" marking or verb lability. This typological result is also of diachronic significance, insofar as the older transitivising inclination is seen to have been remarkably pertinacious, long surviving the loss of the affixal valency- increasing morphology of Common Germanic and able to hold its own against more recent detransitivising competition.

Correlation of Bi and Cu valencies with structural modulation in Bi 2 Sr 2 (Ca 1 - x Y x )Cu 2 O y

Abstract: The valencies of the Bi and Cu ions in Bi2Sr2(Ca1−x Yx)Cu2Oy were determined separately by a coulometric titration technique. The Cu valency decreased monotonically from 2.16 to 2.04 with increasing Y content over the range from 0 to 1. Superconductivity occurred for Cu valency greater than 2.1. The Bi valency was also found to decrease from +3.12 to +2.99 as the Y content increased. It leveled off at ∼ +3.0 for the Y content larger than 0.8. This change in the Bi valency was correlated with the change in the structural modulation period and with its transformation from an incommensurate to a commensurate state.

The Accurate Determination of the Freezing-Points of Alloys, and a Study of Valency Effects in Certain Alloys of Silver

Abstract: In the alloys of silver with the four elements immediately following it in the Periodic Table, the silver rich alloys give rise to primary substitutional solid solutions for which the phase boundaries in the equilibrium diagram show well-defined valency effects. When the diagrams are plotted in atomic percentages, the liquidus and solidus curves fall more steeply with increasing valency of the solute, whilst the extent of the solid solution becomes less. It was shown (Hume-Rothery, Mabbott and Channel-Evans 1934) that, to a first approximation, the liquidus curves followed a simple valency rule, such that alloys of identical equivalent composition had identical freezing-points, and, hence, in dilute solutions where the liquidus curves were straight lines, the atomic depression of freezing-point was proportional to the valency of the solute. The experimental errors of 1 or 2°C. in the freezing-point data prevented an exact proof of a whole number law, and the present paper describes more accurate determinations of the freezing-points of these alloys. The first part of the experimental work was carried out by one of the authors (W. H. -R.) working alone, and the later work by the two authors together. It is convenient to refer to the two series of experiments as the early work and the later work respectively. In order to increase the accuracy of the liquidus determinations it has been necessary to examine many sources of error, and this work is described in 2; 3 contains the experimental results, which are discussed in 4.