Topic
Valency
About: Valency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1632 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26141 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the energies (i.e. energy expectation values) and weights of various N2O4 valency structures are reported, where the wave functions allow for considerable resonance interaction between orthogonal wave functions that represent non-octet violating structures.
Abstract: The energies (i.e. energy expectation values) and weights of various N2O4 valency structures are reported. Certain structures that apparently violate the octet rule are of low energy. This is because their wave functions allow for considerable resonance interaction between orthogonal wave functions that represent non-octet violating structures.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study on Mn-dopant-induced effects in Zn1−xMnxO was performed for samples with x = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08, which were prepared by solid state reaction at 1200°C.
Abstract: An experimental study on Mn-dopant-induced effects in Zn1−xMnxO was performed for samples with x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, which were prepared by solid state reaction at 1200 °C. The result of x-ray diffraction refinement analysis did not turn up evidence of MnxOy cluster inclusion over the entire doping range, while the structural parameter variations indicate a solubility limit of about 6% for Mn2+ and incorporation of Mn ions of higher valency at higher dopant levels. The magnetization data exhibit mostly intrinsic antiferromagnetic instead of ferromagnetic properties, as predicted by more recent theoretical works. The substitutional incorporation of the Mn in ZnO was further confirmed by the associated broad-band photoluminescence spectra. The suggested incorporation of Mn ions of higher valency at higher dopant concentration was also supported by the related x-ray photoemission data, and in agreement with a previous theoretical prediction.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the isotherm and electrosorption valency for underpotential deposits of silver on gold were determined in 2.00 10\"5 M Ag(I) −0.2 M H2S04 solution using the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE).
Abstract: The isotherm and electrosorption valency for underpotential deposits of silver on gold were determined in 2.00 10\"5 M Ag(I) —0.2 M H2S04 solution using the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE). Both disk electrode currents and ring electrode currents were required to obtain the electrosorption valency and ring electrode shielding or collection currents were used to determine the surface coverage. Underpotential deposition (UPD) occurs at a convective diffusion controlled rate during deposition of the first monolayer and at a considerably reduced rate during subsequent atom layer deposition. Equilibrium silver coverages well in excess of three
14 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the partial charge transferred by the adsorbate to the electrode is not clearly defined, since the division of the bonding electrons into parts pertaining to the adorbate and to the electrodes is arbitrary to some extent.
Abstract: By definition, electrochemical reactions involve charge transfer through the electrochemical interface. Therefore, the charge flowing in the elementary act is an important characteristic of a process. For a simple electronor ion-transfer reaction, this charge is always a multiple of the unit charge: in the former case it is simply the number of electrons exchanged between the reactant and the electrode, in the latter case it is the valency of the ion that is incorporated into the electrode. But in an adsorption reaction the adsorbate need not exchange an integral number of electrons with the electrode. Since it stays on the surface, it can share electrons with the electrode, forming a polar or a covalent bond. However, the partial charge transferred by the adsorbate to the electrode is not clearly defined, since the division of the bonding electrons into parts pertaining to the adsorbate and to the electrode is arbitrary to some extent. In spite of this, the amount of charge flowing at constant potential can clearly be measured, and this
14 citations
03 Apr 1993-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, a curved crystal spectrometer was used with a position sensitive proportional counter with improved linearity of the backgammon readout for impact by 1.4 MeVu1H+, 4He2+, 12C4+, 16O4+ and 35Cl8+.
Abstract: Satellite lines of K X-ray lines from K and Cr, and L lines from In are observed for impact by 1.4 MeVu1H+, 4He2+, 12C4+, 16O4+ and 35Cl8+. A curved crystal spectrometer was used with a position sensitive proportional counter with improved linearity of the backgammon readout. The distribution of Cr Kα satellite lines depends on the chemical state of Cr, being peaked at lower energy for the toxic valency 6 compounds than for valency 3 and metallically bound Cr. Fluorescence excitation of the Cr diagram line is observed for a stainless steel sample from enhancement by Fe X-rays.
14 citations