Showing papers on "Value chain published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental building blocks of supply chain agility are conceptualized as supply- and demand-side competence, which are viewed as enabler (moderator) on the relationship between supply chain competencies and supply-chain agility.
Abstract: This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of supply chain agility, which are conceptualised as supply- and demand-side competence. While the former refers to production and supply management related activities, the latter refers to distribution and demand management related activities. The model further assesses the influence of supply chain agility on operational performance, as well as its mediating role in the relationship between supply- and demand-side competence and performance. Within this framework, process compliance, i.e. how well supply chain management processes are internally executed by the firm's employees, is viewed as an enabler (moderator) on the relationship between supply chain competencies and supply chain agility. Theoretical substantiation is provided by the resource-based view of the firm augmented with the dynamic capabilities perspective. The model is tested with data from 121 supply chain management professionals. Implications for both academic theory development and supply chain and production management practice are provided.
356 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a number of indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in global value chains, as well as a more detailed assessment of the value chain in six broad industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, business services and financial services.
Abstract: World trade and production are increasingly structured around “global value chains” (GVCs). The last few years have witnessed a growing number of case studies describing at the product level how production is internationally fragmented, but there is little evidence at the aggregate level on the prevalence of GVCs. The main objective of this paper is to provide for more and better evidence allowing the examination of countries’ position within international production networks. We propose a number of indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in GVCs, as well as a more detailed assessment of the value chain in six broad industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, business services and financial services.
335 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze various models used to assess supply chains by highlighting their specific characteristics and applicability in different contexts and offer an analytical grid breaking these models down into seven layers.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of strategic supplier partnership and postponement on the relation between lean and agile supply chain strategy and supply chain responsiveness is examined, and the relationship between responsiveness and firm performance is investigated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of strategic supplier partnership and postponement respectively, on the relation between lean and agile supply chain strategy and supply chain responsiveness. Also, the authors look at the relation between supply chain responsiveness and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Applying the strategic-choice theory and the resource-based view of firms to the supply chain, the authors develop a research model to demonstrate the premise that implementing proper supply chain practices to support and execute supply chain strategy will enhance the responsiveness of the supply chain and the performance of the focal firm. The study utilizes survey data from 205 senior executives and managers in the purchasing and supply chain functions from manufacturing firms in the USA. The results are based on covariance-based analysis and structural equation modeling using AMOS software. Findings – The study finds that strategic supplier partnership fully media...
275 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a property-rights model of the firm in which production entails a continuum of uniquely sequenced stages and showed that the incentive to integrate suppliers varies systematically with the relative position (upstream versus downstream) at which the supplier entered the production line.
Abstract: We develop a property-rights model of the firm in which production entails a continuum of uniquely sequenced stages. In each stage, a final-good producer contracts with a distinct supplier for the procurement of a customized stage-specific component. Our model yields a sharp characterization for the optimal allocation of ownership rights along the value chain. We show that the incentive to integrate suppliers varies systematically with the relative position (upstream versus downstream) at which the supplier enters the production line. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship between integration and "downstreamness" depends crucially on the elasticity of demand faced by the final-good producer. Our model readily accommodates various sources of asymmetry across final-good producers and across suppliers within a production line, and we show how it can be taken to the data with international trade statistics. Combining data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Related Party Trade database and estimates of U.S. import demand elasticities from Broda and Weinstein (2006), we find empirical evidence broadly supportive of our key predictions. In the process, we develop two novel measures of the average position of an industry in the value chain, which we construct using U.S. Input-Output Tables. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
247 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a number of indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in global value chains, as well as a more detailed assessment of the value chain in six broad industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, business services and financial services.
Abstract: World trade and production are increasingly structured around "global value chains" (GVCs). The last few years have witnessed a growing number of case studies describing at the product level how production is internationally fragmented, but there is little evidence at the aggregate level on the prevalence of GVCs. The main objective of this paper is to provide for more and better evidence allowing the examination of countries’ position within international production networks. We propose a number of indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in GVCs, as well as a more detailed assessment of the value chain in six broad industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, business services and financial services.
225 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated theoretical framework is developed to analyse environmental upgrading trajectories and their implications in terms of firms' green strategies based on case studies in the Italian home-furnishing industry.
Abstract: The literature is increasingly focusing on how firms are improving their environmental performances and promoting green strategies to transform environmental constraints into new drivers of competitive advantage. This paper contributes to the literature by expanding knowledge about environmental management at the value chain level by exploring the concept of environmental upgrading and its implications in terms of economic upgrading and greening of industries. Leveraging on the global value chain and environmental managerial literature, the paper develops an integrated theoretical framework to analyse environmental upgrading trajectories and their implications in terms of firms' green strategies based on case studies in the Italian home-furnishing industry. Empirical evidence suggests that firms develop green strategies to reduce environmental impacts while achieving economic benefits and competitiveness, which may be internal to the firm but also apply to value chains, with different implications in terms of bargaining power and value appropriation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether companies' environmental and social supply chain activities are associated with their financial performance and found that efforts are positively associated with corporate financial performance measured by return on assets and return on equity, and the positive effects can have a time lag of at least two years.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether companies’ environmental and social supply chain activities are associated with their financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – A sample from the top 500 US companies based on Newsweek's green ranking is used. Data from the Bloomberg environmental, social and governance (ESG) and COMPUSTAT financial database are used for an empirical analysis of the relationships. Findings – Integrated sustainable supply chain management, jointly including social and environmental supply chain management, efforts is positively associated with corporate financial performance measured by return on assets and return on equity, and the positive effects can have a time lag of at least two years. Research limitations/implications – By adopting the ESG database, the paper only tests corporate sustainability supply chain management using a binary 0-1 valuation. Three-year data period is also a limitation for an extensive time study. A research implication is...
214 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of two different dimensions of supply chain integration on two aspects of firm performance in the emerging economy of China is investigated. And the moderating effects of market orientation on the relationship between supply chain Integration and firm performance are explored.
Abstract: Purpose – The present paper aims to investigate the impact of two different dimensions of supply chain integration on two aspects of firm performance in the emerging economy of China. In addition, the moderating effects of market orientation on the relationship between supply chain integration and firm performance are explored.Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from a survey administered to 246 firms in the manufacturing and services industry in China. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.Findings – Operational coordination is positively associated with operational performance and business performance. Information sharing affects only operational performance; it has no impact on business performance. Furthermore, the results provide empirical support for the moderating effects of market orientation on the association of supply chain integration and firm performance.Originality/value – The current paper contributes knowledge on the value‐realizing mechanism of supp...
176 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors map and assess the existing literature on offshoring of value chain activities and synthesize them into an integrating framework that links off-shoring with its antecedents and consequences.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the SME innovation-cooperation relationship by designing and utilising measures that capture both the multi-scalar (strength) and multi-dimensional (variety) nature of co-operation and innovation.
TL;DR: The results indicate that enhanced supply chain agility has positive impacts on the firm's sales, market share, profitability, speed to market, and customer satisfaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of supply chain management is presented and the authors argue that only through close collaborative linkages through the entire supply chain, can one fully achieve the benefits of cost reduction and revenue enhancing behaviors.
Abstract: States that we have witnessed, over the last several years, a profound change in understanding the dynamics of competitive advantage. Managers now acknowledge that a firm’s success is tied, in part, to the strength of its weakest supply chain partner. This paper develops the concept of supply chain management and argues that only through close collaborative linkages through the entire supply chain, can one fully achieve the benefits of cost reduction and revenue enhancing behaviors. Data are presented that look at a range of supply chain management practices and processes. By examining differences in practices and processes between buyers and sellers, along with the supply chain, attempts to understand better the challenges facing managers who espouse supply chain management. Also proposes a change in mind set for the traditional procurement manager and present insights for him/her to adapt to the requirements of the new competition.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of business strategy on socially responsible supply chain management (SR•SCM) is explored, and the authors find that low-cost producers largely neglect their social responsibilities in the supply chain.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to explore the effect of business strategy on socially responsible supply chain management (SR‐SCM).Design/methodology/approach – This study draws on data from 178 UK‐based companies, and 340 buyer‐supplier relationships. A novel data collection approach is used, which minimizes social desirability and common methods bias, to capture socially responsible supply chain management. The data are analysed through a set of OLS regressions.Findings – Business strategies significantly influence socially responsible supply chain management. Low‐cost producers largely neglect their social responsibilities in the supply chain. In contrast, firms pursuing differentiation strategies are considerably more engaged with these issues, partly because they have better supply chain processes.Practical implications – Practitioners should carefully consider the fit between strategic position and level of engagement with SR‐SCM, since our results emphasise the relationship between SR‐SCM and business s...
TL;DR: In this paper, a value chain data envelopment analysis approach was proposed to estimate parallel serial processes of basic operations and R&D efforts, which can be used to simultaneously estimate the profitability efficiency and marketability efficiency of high-technology firms.
Abstract: Although prior research has addressed the influence of production activity and research and development (R&D) on productivity, it is not clear whether production and R&D affect the market value of a firm. This study proposes and verifies an R&D value chain framework to explore the relationship among productivity, R&D, and firm market values, as measured by Tobin's q theory. By doing so, we attempt to link new theoretical insights and empirical evidence on the effects of R&D efforts and basic production activities to the market valuations of high-technology firms. The value chain data envelopment analysis approach was proposed to estimate parallel-serial processes of basic operations and R&D efforts. This approach can be used to simultaneously estimate the profitability efficiency and marketability efficiency of high-technology firms. This area has rarely been studied, but it is particularly important for high-technology R&D policies and for further industrial development. Using the R&D value chain perspectives of model innovations and extensions proposed in several previous studies, we examined the appropriate levels of intermediate outputs. Production efficiency and R&D were combined to estimate the appropriate levels of intermediate outputs for high-technology firms. Based on the intermediate output analyses, we developed an R&D efforts decision matrix to explore and identify operational and R&D efficiency for high-technology firms. Our sample firms are displayed on a four-quadrant action grid that provides visual information on current short-term operational efficiency and decision making on long-term R&D strategic positions. The empirical findings from the R&D value chain model can provide information for policymakers and managers and suggest the adoption of various policies that place more emphasis on profitability and marketability strategies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey was conducted to understand how firms manage their product and service offerings, integrating supply chain management (SCM) and demand chain management strategies, and a combination of management approaches is required by firms which add services to their portfolio of traditional product offerings.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how firms manage their product and service offerings, integrating supply chain management (SCM) and demand chain management (DCM) strategies. Adding services to the product portfolio of a firm may bring benefits to an organisation, but requires a reconsideration of the supply chain management approach. Design/methodology/approach – A survey is used to collect data, with valid questionnaires obtained for 4,227 UK-based respondents. Empirical analysis utilises structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings – The paper proposes that a combination of management approaches is required by firms which add services to their portfolio of traditional product offerings. A supply chain management approach may be suitable for traditional product offerings. The management of the services value chain, where the customers' role as value creator is a central feature of the construct, is better served by integration of the market orientation of DCM. Originality/value – Th...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the sustainability of components that constitute the value chain, including the availability of palm oil biomass supply, bio-energy conversion technology and the costs and alternatives to grid extension.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the adoption of open innovation practices during different value chain activities and measure its effect on product and process innovation based on a quantitative survey of 29 companies.
Abstract: This study assesses the adoption of open innovation practices during different value chain activities and measures its effect on product and process innovation. Based on a quantitative survey of 29...
TL;DR: In this article, Nahman et al. estimated the costs of household food waste in South Africa, based on the market value of the wasted food (edible portion only), as well as costs of disposal to landfill.
TL;DR: In this paper, a thorough survey of the literature on the topic of supply chain and renewable energy has been conducted, where the authors investigate literature insights useful to increase the performance and overcome barriers to the renewable energy supply chain development.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The concept of supply chain management (SCM) has gained momentum in the 21st century as discussed by the authors and it is the management of goods and services as they flow from raw materials to the ultimate consumer.
Abstract: Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained momentum in the 21st century. The term “Supply Chain Management” entered the public domain when Keith Oliver, a consultant at Booz Allen Hamilton, used it in an interview for the Financial Times in 1982. It gained currency in the mid 1990. It is the management of goods and services as they flow from raw materials to the ultimate consumer. It spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-progress inventory and finished goods from point -of-origin to point -of -consumption. It is also the process of planning, implementing and controlling the supply chain operations. It is an extension of logistics management. Needless to mention that the world is becoming more globalized. Globalization as well as liberalization has changed the business scenario all over the world. Advancement in information technology has reduced the national boundary concept. Business enterprises are now focusing attention on their supply chains. Supply chain means the linkage between suppliers, manufacturers and customers. To make SCM an effective one, careful attention needs to be given to some stages viz., Plan, Develop, Make, Deliver and Return. It creates net value, builds a competitive infrastructure, improves customer satisfaction, provides efficient manufacturing strategy and many more. This apart, it has some limitations too. In this backdrop, an attempt has been taken in this paper (a) to discuss about the conceptual understanding of Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain and Logistics; (b) to throw light on its importance, stages involved therein and level of activities; (c) to study the benefits and disadvantages of SCM; (d) to highlight the problems addressed by SCM and (e) to make concluding remarks.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the reasons and the forms of Product-Service Systems (PSS) development, their impact on innovation management as well as the prerequisites and limits of their implementation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend and integrate elements from a conceptual knowledge value chain and business model frameworks to investigate how knowledge and technology transfer organizations (KTTOs) create and deliver value for clients.
11 Mar 2013
TL;DR: White et al. as mentioned in this paper highlighted the great potential of the agribusiness sector in Africa by drawing on experience in Africa as well as other regions and provided practical policy advice based on the experience of countries from within and outside Africa.
Abstract: This report highlights the great potential of the agribusiness sector in Africa by drawing on experience in Africa as well as other regions The evidence demonstrates that good policies, a conducive business environment, and strategic support from governments can help agribusiness reach its potential Africa is now at a crossroads, from which it can take concrete steps to realize its potential or continue to lose competitiveness, missing a major opportunity for increased growth, employment, and food security The report pursues several lines of analysis First, it synthesizes the large body of work on agriculture and agribusiness in Africa Second, it builds on a diagnosis of specific value chains As part of this effort, the value chain for Africa's largest and fastest-growing food import, rice, is benchmarked in Senegal and Ghana against Thailand's rice value chain Third, 170 agribusiness investments by the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) in Africa and Southeast Asia are analyzed to gain perspective on the elements of success and failure Fourth, the report synthesizes perspectives from the private sector through interviews with 23 leading agribusiness investors and a number of other key informants In conclusion, the report offers practical policy advice based on the experience of countries from within and outside Africa The huge diversity of Africa's agro-ecological, market, and business environments, however, necessarily means that each country (and indeed regions within countries) will need to adapt the broad guidance provided here to the local context Annex 1, concerning the rice value chain, was authored by John Orchard, Tim Chancellor, Roy Denton, Amadou Abdoulaye Fall, and Peter Jaeger Annex 2, containing interviews with 23 leading agribusiness players in Africa, was authored by Peter White
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a new approach to the study of the socioeconomic impact of renewable technologies through the analysis of the reinforcing effects of the expansion of this industry and the specific characteristics of the employment along the value chain.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach to the study of the socioeconomic impact of renewable technologies through the analysis of the reinforcing effects of the expansion of this industry and the specific characteristics of the employment along the value chain. The method proposed is based on the collection, critical analysis and presentation of the results obtained using primary information sources. The model design includes contributions extracted from a prior analysis of the existing assessment methods, to lessen the uncertainty of the job ratios often used in these types of analysis. One factor to be taken into account is the high degree of development in the sector and above all the maturity of the technology considered from the point of view of the industry fabric: the economy of scale and technological development actually influences the human resources needs, sometimes increasing the demand for professionals within the scope of R&D and sometimes reducing jobs in the manufacturing industry, which is gradually applying processes with a greater degree of automation. The influence of these experience curves is different for every single stage of the value chain. Trade balance of technologies is also crucial for local employment generation. An analytical model was developed based on the above assumptions and applied to the Spanish PV industry. This industry has been playing a leading role in the expansion of renewable energy and offers a high potential towards the short-term development of the smart grids in this country. This model represents very well the history of the Spanish PV industry reflected through the evolution of the jobs and is shown to be the foundation of a methodology for prospective studies in the social and economic impacts of renewables.
TL;DR: It is concluded that there are multiple equilibria in the supply chain contracts and structure and that the two-part tariff is the best contract to reduce double marginalization and increase efficiency in the management of the supply network.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conceptualized three dimensions of supply chain responsiveness and developed a reliable and valid instrument for measuring this construct, and further tested the relationships between supply chain management practices, supply-chain responsiveness, and competitive advantage using structural equation modeling based on 294 responses from industry professionals.
Abstract: Today’s supply chains are expected to respond rapidly, effectively, and efficiently to changes in the marketplace to sustain, succeed and create competitive advantage in this increasingly global marketplace by focusing on time, flexibility, and speed of response. The focus of this study is the supply chain responsiveness construct and a firm’s practices to respond to customer’s demands and constantly changing market conditions to create competitive advantage. This research conceptualizes three dimensions of supply chain responsiveness and develops a reliable and valid instrument for measuring this construct. The study further tests the relationships between supply chain management (SCM) practices, supply chain responsiveness, and competitive advantage using structural equation modeling based on 294 responses from industry professionals in the manufacturing and supply chain area. Research findings point out that higher level of SCM practices can lead to improved supply chain responsiveness and enhanced competitive advantage of a firm. Also supply chain responsiveness can have a direct positive impact on competitive advantage of a firm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore an ongoing application of the entrepreneurial method applied to the problem of food security in the developing world as an alternative logic, and illustrate how entrepreneurship is being harnessed to help build a more efficient and effective agricultural value chain in Papua New Guinea (PNG) based on a more entrepreneurial approach.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore an ongoing application of the entrepreneurial method applied to the problem of food security in the developing world as an alternative logic. Food production and marketing channels in the developing world are often based on scientific logic starting with an ideal outcome and then strategically designing a plan to achieve it. This study is unique in that it describes the application of an entrepreneurial approach to food product and marketing in less developed nations. A field study is used to illustrate how entrepreneurship is being harnessed to help build a more efficient and effective agricultural value chain in Papua New Guinea (PNG) based on a more entrepreneurial approach. Value chain analysis uses effectual logic to leverage innovation and create value for the consumer, the organization and society; thereby enhancing food security for the desperately poor in PNG. The use of the entrepreneurial method is offered as an alternative model for future international aid interventions and policy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that platforms of stakeholder engagement can become the new basis of enterprise value creation, and they report on how new co-creation engagement models can be designed all across the value chain of enterprise activities.
Abstract: Purpose – The authors propose that platforms of stakeholder engagement can become the new basis of enterprise value creation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors report on how new co-creation engagement models can be designed all across the value chain of enterprise activities. Findings – According to the authors' studies of leading firms, strategy making has become a joint process of co-creative discovery, as enterprises devise and develop new opportunities together with customers, partners and other stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – Case examples of implementation at leading companies are offered. Practical implications – Leaders will have to manage a process of value creation from a stakeholding-individual and experience-based perspective. Originality/value – The article challenges leaders to question why companies should be limited by the internal competencies of the firm when co-creation platforms could provide access to greater competencies through a well-developed global resou...
TL;DR: The extent to which modularization occurs varies depending on technical/engineering drivers and strategic considerations as discussed by the authors, and it differs between process and product industries and varies dependingonoutputvariety,batchsize, and the balanceof-bargaining power.
Abstract: College of Business Administration, Florida International University, Miami,Florida, USAMultinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly recognizing the importance of utilizingknowledgeandcapabilitiesfromawiderinnovationecosystembeyondtheircorporatenetworkof subsidiaries In order to manage the complexity associated with setting up and running suchinternational networks of practice, they devolve responsibility for significant activities toexternal agents They accomplish this by designing or reengineering their products or servicesas modular subassemblies that can be parceled out to a network of partner organizations Theextent to which such modularization occurs varies depending on technical/engineering driversand strategic considerations It differs between process and product industries and variesdependingonoutputvariety,batchsize,andthebalanceofbargainingpowerbetweensupplierand buyers in the value chain This ensures that the observed level of modularization variesacross industries However, we also observe that it varies across firms within industriesDepending on their capabilities, firms may implement a strategy leaning toward verticalintegration and integration or specialization and modularization Copyright © 2013 StrategicManagement Society