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Showing papers on "Value chain published in 2020"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a causal relationship between the degree of openness and performance of companies with Industry 4.0 is analyzed. But, the authors do not consider the impact of enabling technologies on the performance of local manufacturing units.

343 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a multiple-case study of the circular business model innovation process in 12 Danish companies that includes a cross-case analysis across start-ups and incumbents and across different company sizes, industries and customer segments.

166 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: This work presents a platform oriented to the application of IoT, Edge Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain techniques in Smart Farming environments, by means of the novel Global Edge Computing Architecture, designed to monitor the state of dairy cattle and feed grain in real time, as well as ensure the traceability and sustainability of the different processes involved in production.
Abstract: Today’s globalized and highly competitive world market has broadened the spectrum of requirements in all the sectors of the agri-food industry. This paper focuses on the dairy industry, on its need to adapt to the current market by becoming more resource efficient, environment-friendly, transparent and secure. The Internet of Things (IoT), Edge Computing (EC) and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) are all crucial to the achievement of those improvements because they allow to digitize all parts of the value chain, providing detailed information to the consumer on the final product and ensuring its safety and quality. In Smart Farming environments, IoT and DLT enable resource monitoring and traceability in the value chain, allowing producers to optimize processes, provide the origin of the produce and guarantee its quality to consumers. In comparison to a centralized cloud, EC manages the Big Data generated by IoT devices by processing them at the network edge, allowing for the implementation of services with shorter response times, and a higher Quality of Service (QoS) and security. This work presents a platform oriented to the application of IoT, Edge Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain techniques in Smart Farming environments, by means of the novel Global Edge Computing Architecture, and designed to monitor the state of dairy cattle and feed grain in real time, as well as ensure the traceability and sustainability of the different processes involved in production. The platform is deployed and tested in a real scenario on a dairy farm, demonstrating that the implementation of EC contributes to a reduction in data traffic and an improvement in the reliability in communications between the IoT-Edge layers and the Cloud.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heterogeneity into the international expansion behavior model of Chinese enterprises in the context of global value chain specialization is introduced and a new concept of enterprise advantage based on the value chain status from the research category of international trade theory is expanded.
Abstract: Since the beginning of the new millennium, the productivity differences among different enterprises within the industry, namely the heterogeneity of enterprises, have been incorporated into the general equilibrium trade model. At the same time, it brings new focus to trade theory: By analyzing the characteristics of individual enterprises, it analyzes the choice of organizational structure of individual enterprises. Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and international trade are the two most important international economic activities nowadays. The development of OFDI will have certain impact on export trade. The relationship between OFDI and export trade is different due to the specific national conditions of different countries. Against this background, we study the impact of China’s expanding OFDI on export trade. We should make better use of OFDI to promote the development of China’s export trade and improve the export-oriented economic mode that relies solely on exports to expand the international market. It not only has theoretical value, but also has practical guiding significance for the formulation of China’s “going out” economic and trade policy. This study introduces heterogeneity into the international expansion behavior model of Chinese enterprises in the context of global value chain specialization. Taking the position of Chinese enterprises in the value chain as the location dimension, we have integrated and expanded a new concept of enterprise advantage based on the value chain status from the research category of international trade theory. In this paper, we introduce the behavior of competitors into the dimension of enterprise decision space and construct an endogenous dynamic equilibrium model of Chinese enterprises’ export trade and OFDI. The purpose is to provide theoretical explanations and practical guidance for Chinese enterprises’ export trade and endogenous optimization decision making in the process of deepening the division of labor in the global value chain.

142 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the definitions, the impact of sustainable packaging in the value chain, and consumer behavior theories; they present three distinct case studies on consumer preferences and value perceptions on bio-based cellulose materials.
Abstract: Packaging sustainability concepts have co-evolved with the increasing incorporation of the principles of sustainable development at various levels within industrial and organizational platforms. Currently, pollution from plastics, packaging-related waste, declining air, soil, and water quality, climate change, and other contemporary challenges are influencing the packaging industry. Barriers such as value chain complexities and negative consumer attitudes due to the economic, social, and environmental demands of sustainable behaviors can discourage companies from the implementation of more sustainable packaging. Hence, packages with improved sustainability may never make their way into the marketplace. However, the next generation of sustainable solutions can be motivated by efforts that fuel a positive consumer attitude towards sustainable packaging. In order to direct efforts, a clear understanding of consumer dynamics in ecological material preferences, willingness to pay, recycling, and factors impacting sustainable behaviors are essential. The objective of this work is to (i) explore the definitions, the impact of sustainable packaging in the value chain, and consumer behavior theories; (ii) review current practices, factors affecting sustainable behaviors, and consumer testing methods; (iii) present three distinct case studies on consumer preferences and value perceptions on bio-based cellulose materials and the impact of on-label claims and pre-evaluation education in consumer preferences; and (iv) to reveal the research gaps and opportunities for consumer research and suggest strategies for stakeholders to communicate packaging sustainability to consumers.

117 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework of the service delivery system design for hospitality firms in the post-viral world is developed, which includes resource-based view, value chain analysis, stakeholder theory, PESTEL analysis, positioning strategy, and service delivery systems design.

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings indicate that supply chain visibility has significant influence on social and environmental performance under the moderation effect of product complexity.
Abstract: Understanding supply chain sustainability performance is increasingly important for supply chain researchers and managers. Literature has considered supply chain sustainability and the antecedents of performance from a triple bottom line (economic, social, and environmental) perspective. However, the role of supply chain visibility and product complexity contingency in achieving sustainable supply chain performance has not been explored in depth. To address this gap, this study utilizes a contingent resource-based view theory perspective to understand the role of product complexity in shaping the relationship between upstream supply chain visibility (resources and capabilities) and the social, environmental, and economic performance dimensions. We develop and test a theoretical model using survey data gathered from 312 Indian manufacturing organizations. Our findings indicate that supply chain visibility has significant influence on social and environmental performance under the moderation effect of product complexity. Finally, we have outlined our research limitations and further research opportunities.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the problems of environmental cost control mode and the relationship between the value chain and environment are discussed, with the aim to form a "virtuous circle conducive to socio-economic development".
Abstract: In this study, expecting to form a virtuous circle conducive to socio-economic development. The problems of environmental cost control mode, and the relationship between the value chain and environ...

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study in the electronics manufacturing industry is used to identify and analyze barriers in terms of their impact along the value chain (VC) as well as the level of difficulty required to overcome them.

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of three project case studies designed to scale different Mechanization Service Provider Models (MSPMs) in Mexico, Zimbabwe, and Bangladesh finds large-scale adoption of the models was found to be hampered by lack of finance to set up MSPMs and insufficient collaboration among the value chain actors to strengthen and foster Mechanization service provider entrepreneurs.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the impact of embedding in global value chain (GVC) on China's manufacturing industry green growth, using panel data from 17 manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2014.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The progress made on energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and water consumption in the steel industry worldwide is reviewed and the important issues that contribute to define a sustainable industrial activity are studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct a systematic review of the literature to establish features and properties that will shape the product design and development process (PDDP) throughout the 4th Industrial Revolution and into a smart design engineering.
Abstract: Industrial revolutions (IRs) are mostly associated with how transformations regarding the operations of an enterprise affect said enterprise’s manufacturing systems. However, the impact of these transformations exceeds the production systems themselves; rather, they affect the entire value chain, from the product design and development process (PDDP) through manufacturing and supply-chain management to marketing and disposal. As the new PDDP to a large extent defines the value chain for a company, the challenge lies in ensuring that the designed product will help the company fully benefit from the IRs. By analysing the 4th IR, the authors reveal that few publications shed light on this aspect. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to establish features and properties that will shape the PDDP throughout the 4th IR and into a smart design engineering. To accomplish this, the authors conduct a systematic review of the literature, which provides ten findings. These findings are then analysed by 11 specialists both from academia and the industry, and the findings’ relations to the 4th IR and their impact on the product development process is discussed. By establishing these findings, this paper provides a platform for the understanding of what could potentially shape smart design engineering and its design-related activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the literature in the field of sustainability and agriculture led by digital technologies of Industry 4.0 and defined guidelines for sustainable development driven by agriculture through the determinants of digital transformation.
Abstract: Economic, environmental and social sustainability is increasingly gaining the attention of academia and commitment in the policies of national economies. Global warming and climate change, weather disasters and disruptions are just some of the challenges that can drastically disrupt stable business models, and thus jeopardize sustainability. Agriculture, as an activity at the center of the value chain, is facing these problems, and, at the same time, contributes to feeding the growing world population and is responsible for conserving resources and ensuring sustainability. Process automation, data analysis and processing, control and management of agricultural operations have transformed the agricultural business and contributed to sustainability, survival and development within supply chains. This article analyzes the literature in the field of sustainability and agriculture led by digital technologies of Industry 4.0. The analysis of the research field showed the high importance of the topic in academic and national circles, given the number of published articles. Secondly, the concepts of sustainable agriculture and sustainability driven agriculture in the context of digital transformation were analyzed and it was shown that transformed agriculture can successfully cope with today’s challenges. Finally, guidelines for sustainable development driven by agriculture through the determinants of digital transformation are defined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a business model developed by a pioneering Scandinavian company offering three building products based on reused materials was investigated and discussed implications of the business model in creating value for the firm, value chain partners, customers, and the environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a value chain model for the South Asian wind power industry, scrutinizing both internal and external factors to analyze the viability of present condition and future roadmap to foster the wind energy sector by adopting Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explores, via the ‘value-chain’ approach, the evolution of digital governance research, and aligns it with current developments associated with data analytics, often referred to as ‘Big Data’.
Abstract: The emergence of Big Data has added a new aspect to conceptualizing the use of digital technologies in the delivery of public services and for realizing digital governance. This article explores, v...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a large-scale systematic literature review with two case studies is presented to understand how drivers and inhibitors for stakeholder integration are disordered and reorganized in different situations, creating examples of systems that link interorganizational elements and events.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A literature review focusing on valorization of bio-residuals from the brewery, dairy, slaughterhouse and forestry sectors is presented in this paper, where the value chains were partitioned into the categories of resource procurement, transport and handling, transformation and processing, valuation and market, and end use.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The coffee sector is facing several sustainability challenges, including climate change and deforestation as discussed by the authors, and it is not yet fully mainstreamed in the sector, though ambitious commitments by sustainability leaders and large actors signal increasing importance of sustainability as part of corporate social responsibility efforts.
Abstract: The coffee sector is facing several sustainability challenges. We ask whether addressing these is transforming the entire coffee sector or rather leading to market differentiation. Drawing on stakeholder theory and global value chain analysis, we analyse how the coffee sector approaches sustainability by examining the sustainability efforts of a random sample of 513 companies. We also identify the factors shaping the adoption of sustainability strategies. A third of companies report no commitment to sustainability, whereas another third report vague commitment. The final third of companies report tangible commitments to sustainability. Company characteristics and stakeholders affect the scope and type of sustainability strategy chosen. Large, risk‐aware companies tend to conduct ‘hands‐on’ governance, adopting internal sustainability practices along their value chain. Small, consumer‐facing companies and producers rely on ‘hands‐off’ governance, adopting external voluntary sustainability standards. Several sustainability issues remain underaddressed by most companies, including climate change and deforestation. We found indications of potential greenwashing by some companies. Addressing sustainability is not yet fully mainstreamed in the sector, though ambitious commitments by sustainability leaders and large actors signal increasing importance of sustainability as part of corporate social responsibility efforts. We observe market differentiation through sustainability with progressive companies adopting sustainability strategies that align with their stakeholders, depending on value chain characteristics. Our results indicate a notable reliance on internal sustainability practices. There is a need for common coffee sustainability indicators relevant for all actors along the value chain, which are consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals, and a transparent, mandatory reporting framework.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reinterpret early industry life cycle dynamics by disintegrating an industry's value chain into upstream, core and downstream parts and characterizing each part according to its underlying global innovation system (GIS) configuration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents an IoT-based e- business model of intelligent vegetable greenhouses with details on the basic process and key nodes of the e-business model, and corresponding mathematical models are formulated, which may attract more efforts in the future.
Abstract: The widespread popularization of Internet has brought about various Internet-based business models as well as well-known Internet giants such as Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Alibaba. Similarly, the application of internet of things (IoT) is fermenting IoT-based business models in various fields. In our work, we present an IoT-based e-business model of intelligent vegetable greenhouses with details on the basic process and key nodes of the e-business model. Information, capital and logistics flows are recognized in the industry chain consisting of ingredient suppliers, IoT-equipped greenhouses, IoT-based e-business platforms, payment and delivery service providers, and end consumers. The value chain is also analyzed according to Michael Porter’s value chain model, which is helpful for greenhouses to focus on main activities in the business model. Moreover, we recognize key operation issues including big-data-driven pricing, planting structure and time optimization, water and fertilizer integrated control, plant light supplement, and order-driven picking and packing. The characteristics brought about by IoT techniques to these operation issues are analyzed, and corresponding mathematical models are formulated, which may attract more efforts in the future.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A gap analysis is performed by performing a gap analysis between current (traditional) business models and next generation digitized shipping industry, discussing the maturity level and the technological barriers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether the integration of life cycle costing and life cycle assessment based on the sequence of activities within the value chain support decision making towards sustainable development and showed that integration supports decision making to achieve sustainable development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence from a multiple case study survey and reveal a dramatic shift in the value chain, which is moving upstream from recovery and surgery to prevention and monitoring.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The important role of an AD process, which involves decomposition of biodegradable materials, shows that AD is an economically viable and environmentally friendly process of obtaining clean energy at low cost.
Abstract: Purpose: This paper highlights how biological waste materials can be used for generating the much needed energy and obtaining nutrient-rich compost for agriculture through anaerobic digestion (AD) The paper further highlights the importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in using AD for converting waste to energy (WTE), leading to many environmental benefits as well as clean energy generation It would help to reduce pollution, water acidification and carbon emissions that eventually lead to climate change Design/methodology/approach: The researchers undertook an in-depth study to highlight the role played by an SME in converting WTE and helping towards achieving circularity An exploratory case-based approach was used to understand value leakage for an AD plant operating on WTE principles in the UK The plant is still currently active, and it is located in the Midlands, England Fifteen semi-structured interviews were undertaken with different stakeholders Findings: This paper reveals the importance of WTE and the significant role played by AD in converting food waste into useful matter It reports further into the value leakage issue faced in the AD plants It demonstrates the importance of technological innovation in SME to capture value leakages in a circular model Most importantly, it demonstrates how SMEs gain competitive advantage and generate value proposition, while they aim for zero waste to landfill objective Research limitations/implications: The research involves a case study based on an SME, operating on a circular business model It will be worth investigating how other businesses could gain competitive advantage For SMEs interested in AD for WTE, this paper introduces further technological innovation to the AD process to leverage further potential for reuse of waste liquid Any SMEs entering WTE market ought to take into consideration such design implications Practical implications: The paper reveals how the use of waste by SMEs would lead to many environmental benefits as well as clean energy generation It would help to reduce pollution, water acidification and carbon emissions that eventually lead to climate change It is useful for addressing the needs of waste food producers and is a cheap raw material for generating energy The benefits to the public are that it reduces the need for landfill and increases recycling Social implications: The WTE is an effective way of making use of last-stage waste Originality/value: Despite SMEs being the powerhouse of the European economies, there is limited research investigating how circular economy (CE) could unlock their potential Moreover, development of AD in the UK has lagged behind other EU countries We highlight value leakages and argue how technological innovation should be used to close the value chain loop in the WTE production process This paper, therefore, demonstrates the important role of an AD process, which involves decomposition of biodegradable materials It shows that AD is an economically viable and environmentally friendly process of obtaining clean energy at low cost

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors follow the technological trajectories of a set of local suppliers who successfully undertook green innovations in order to analyze the main factors that determined their development and integration into the mining value chain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a typology of circular value creation architectures (CVCAs) was developed for smartphones with the aim to better understand how central coordinators align with actors in the value chain to offer voluntary circular service operations.
Abstract: Slowing and closing product and related material loops in a circular economy (CE) requires circular service operations such as take‐back, repair, and recycling However, it remains open whether these are coordinated by OEMs, retailers, or third‐party loop operators (eg, refurbishers) Literature rooted in the classic make‐or‐buy concept proposes four generic coordination mechanisms and related value creation architectures: vertical integration, network, outsourcing, or doing nothing (laissez‐faire) For each of these existing architectures, we conducted an embedded case study in the domain of smartphones with the aim to better understand how central coordinators align with actors in the value chain to offer voluntary circular service operations Based on the above coordination mechanisms, our central contribution is the development of a typology of circular value creation architectures (CVCAs) and its elaboration regarding circular coordination, loop configuration, and ambition levels We find that firms following slowing strategies (ie, repair, reuse, and remanufacturing) pursue higher degrees of vertical integration than those following closing strategies (ie, recycling) because of the specificity of the assets involved and their greater strategic relevance The typology also shows that higher degrees of vertical integration enable higher degrees of loop closure (ie, from open to closed loops) and better feedbacks into product design Furthermore, we differentiate the understanding on third‐party actors by distinguishing between independent and autonomous loop operators Overall, we strengthen the actor perspective in product circularity literature by clarifying the actor set, their interrelationships, and how they form value creation architectures

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the role of destination marketing organizations (DMOs) in the new context of the coronavirus crisis and proposed three fundamental changes in them, together with the centrality of host communities in a model based on public-private people partnerships.
Abstract: Purpose: The COVID-19 crisis has had a dramatic impact on the tourism industry, with new challenges that calls for a combination of short- and medium-/long-term perspectives At the destination level, a factor that has a critical incidence in the recovery path is the type of tourism governance With the spotlight on this factor, the purpose of this paper is to reflect on the need to accommodate the model of tourism governance to the requirements of this new time Design/methodology/approach: The discussion that already existed in the literature about the roles of destination marketing organizations (DMOs) has been brought into the new context of the coronavirus crisis to propose three fundamental changes in them, together with the centrality of host communities in a model based on public–private–people partnerships Findings: Under the principle that the M in DMOs has to stand for management, an evolution of these organizations toward the performance of three different roles is proposed, namely, as the orchestrator of the various players in the destination, the facilitator of opportunities for its members and the intelligence promoter and their strategic mind Practical implications: The practical implications of this proposal are numerous, as it represents a move beyond the usual public–private partnerships of the old normal and goes further than the traditional roles of marketer, intermediary in the value chain and brand promoter Originality/value: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first work dealing with the topic of tourism governance in the context of the pandemic © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review analyzes the barriers and levers to the adoption and diffusion of wheat-pea intercropping in Europe and identifies priorities that actors of the value chain can address to better focus their efforts on significant problems and solutions.
Abstract: Beyond the ecosystem benefits of diversification through wheat–pea intercropping, this review analyzes the barriers and levers to its adoption and diffusion. The present review shows that structuring the value chain around the products of this innovative cropping system faces a set of technical (i.e., varietal selection, phytosanitary issue control, crop management sequence, collection management, and storage), economic (i.e., cost, price, market opportunities, and contracting), and public policy (i.e., subsidies for ecosystem services provided by intercropping) obstacles that contribute to its slow adoption and dissemination in Europe. However, the value chain resulting from the wheat–pea intercropping system has levers to be exploited at all levels, particularly in terms of its competitive advantages, ecosystem benefits, and superior product quality. The results of this review help to identify priorities that actors of the value chain can address to better focus their efforts on significant problems and solutions that can accelerate the adoption and dissemination of this agroecological system.