Topic
Value (ethics)
About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, Thompson examines the concept of value as it came to be understood in eighteenth-century England through two emerging and divergent discourses: political economy and the novel.
Abstract: James Thompson examines the concept of value as it came to be understood in eighteenth-century England through two emerging and divergent discourses: political economy and the novel. By looking at the relationship between these two developing forms - one having to do with finance, the other with romance - Thompson demonstrates how value came to have such different meaning in different realms of experience. A highly original rethinking of the origins of the English novel, "Models of Value" shows the novel's importance in remapping English culture according to the separate spheres of public and domestic life, men's and women's concerns, money and emotion. In this account, political economy and the novel clearly arise as solutions to a crisis in the notion of value.Exploring the ways in which these different genres responded to the crisis - political economy by reconceptualizing wealth as capital, and the novel by refiguring intrinsic or human worth in the form of courtship narratives - Thompson rereads several literary works, including Defoe's "Roxana", Fielding's "Tom Jones", and Burney's "Cecilia", along with influential contemporary economic texts. "Models of Value" also traces the discursive consequences of this bifurcation of value, and reveals how history and theory participate in the very novelistic and economic processes they describe. In doing so, this book bridges the opposition between the interests of Marxism and feminism, and the distinctions which, newly made in the eighteenth century, continue to inform our discourse today. An important reformulation of the literary and cultural production of the eighteenth century, "Models of Value" will attract students of the novel, political economy, and of literary history and theory.
153 citations
TL;DR: The conceptualizations of justice that have most influenced recent debates in planning theory have focused on procedural concerns, while questions of value and the good have been regarded as proble... as mentioned in this paper,.
Abstract: The conceptualizations of justice that have most influenced recent debates in planning theory have focused on procedural concerns, while questions of value and the good have been regarded as proble...
152 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the value hierarchies that characterize economists in five studies and found that students of economics attribute more importance to self-enhancement values and less importance to universalism values than students in other fields.
Abstract: Economists often play crucial roles in designing and implementing policies in the private and public sectors; thus it is important to better understand the values that underlie their decisions. We explore the value hierarchies that characterize economists in five studies. Findings indicate that students of economics attribute more importance to self-enhancement values and less importance to universalism values than students in other fields. This profile is already apparent at the beginning of the first year of study and persists throughout the degree. The values distinctive to economists are related to work-related perceptions and attitudes and hence may influence the policy decisions and recommendations of economists.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between mass media exposure and expected conversational experiences and found that the role of social relationships in understanding why people attend to mass communications was explored.
Abstract: T 18HIS INVESTIGATION focuses on the concept of communicatory utility, defined as the anticipated usefulness of information for future informal interaction with family, friends, co-workers and acquaintances. The present report describes findings from an experiment and two secondary analyses relating news media use to interpersonal discussion of news events. While researchers have not specifically tested the link between mass media exposure and expected conversational experiences, many have cited the role of social relationships in understanding why people attend to mass communications.1 The specific interpersonal motive of social prestige from displaying current events knowledge was suggested as an explanation of news seeking behavior by Merton,2 Berelson,3 Wright,4 and Waples, Berelson and Bradshaw.5 1 E.g., Eliot Friedson, "Communications Research and the Concept of the Mass," American Sociological Review, Vol. 18, 1953, pp. 313-317; Matilda Riley and Samuel Flowerman, "Group Relations as a Variable in Communications Research," American Sociological Review, Vol. i6, 1951, pp. 174-180. 2 Merton concluded: "The analysis of the functions of mass communications require prior analysis of the social roles which determine the uses to which these communications can and will be put. Had the social contexts of interpersonal influence not been explored, we could not have anticipated the selection of Time by one type of influential and its rejection by another." Robert Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, New York, The Free Press, 1949, pp. 406-409. 3 Berelson observed: "Another group of readers seem to use the newspaper because it enables them to appear informed in social gatherings. Thus the newspaper has conversational value. Readers not only can learn what has happened and then report it to their associates, but can also find opinions and interpretations for use in discussions of public affairs. It is obvious how this use of the newspaper serves to increase the reader's prestige among his fellows." Bernard Berelson, "What 'Missing the Newspaper' Means," in Paul Lazarsfeld and Frank Stanton, eds., Communications Research, 1948-1949, New York, Harper, 1949, p. 119. 4 Charles Wright, "Functional Analysis and Mass Communication," Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 24, 1960, pp. 605-62o. 6 Douglas Waples, Bernard Berelson, and Franklyn Bradshaw, What Reading Does to People, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1940.
152 citations
16 Apr 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the relationship between people, place, and space in the context of public spaces, focusing on race, class, and gender as interlocking systems.
Abstract: Section 1 - Diverse Conceptions of People, Place, and Space Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Constructing Differences in Public Spaces: Race, Class and Gender as Interlocking Systems" [1996] Susan Ruddick "Spacetime and the World" [2005] David Harvey "Psychological Ecology" [1943] Kurt Lewin "Junkspace" [2002] Rem Koolhaas "One Place after Another: Notes on Site Specificity" [1997] Miwon Kwon "Spatializing Culture" [2013] Setha Low Section 2 - Human Perception and Environmental Experience Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Psychological Maps of Paris" [1970] Stanley Milgram and Denise Jodelet "The City Image and Its Elements" [1960] Kevin Lynch "The Theory of Affordances" [1979] James J. Gibson "Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis for Design" [1969] Robert Sommer "Theory of the Derive" and "Preliminary Problems in Constructing a Situation" [1958] Guy Debord Section 3 - Place and Identity Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Place-Identity: Physical World Socialization of the Self" [1983] Harold Proshansky, Abbe Fabian, and Robert Kaminoff "Urban Landscape History: The Sense of Place and the Politics of Space" [1995] Dolores Hayden "The Idea of Chinatown: The Power of Place and Institutional Practice in the Making of a Racial Category" [1987] Kay Anderson "The Brandon Archive" [2005] Judith Jack Halberstam "The Poor Little Rich Man" [1900] Adolf Loos "Migration, Material Culture and Tragedy: Four Moments in Caribbean Migration" [2008] Daniel Miller Section 4 - Power, Subjectivity, and Space Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Tall Storeys" [2008] Kim Dovey "Desire and the Prosthetics of Supervision: A Case of Maquiladora Flexibility" [2001] Melissa Wright "Mothers Reclaiming Their Children" [2007] Ruth Wilson Gilmore "The Social Becomes the Spatial, the Spatial Becomes the Social: Enclosures, Social Change and the Becoming of Places in the Swedish Province of Skane" [1985] Allan Pred "Software-sorted Geographies" [2005] Stephen D.N. Graham "The Habitus and the Space of Life-style" [1984] Pierre Bourdieu Section 5 - Meanings of Home Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Domesticity" [1986] Witold Rybczynski "Disability, Embodiment and the Meaning of the Home" [2004] Rob Imrie "You Got to Remember You Live in Public Housing" [2008] Talja Blokland "The House as Symbol of the Self" [1974] Claire Cooper "Home Rules" [1994] Denis Wood and Robert J. Beck "Home: Territory and Identity" [2000] J. MacGregor Wise Section 6 - "Public" and "Private" Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Putting the Public Back into Public Space" [1998] Kurt Iveson "To Again to Hyde Park: Public Space, Rights, and Social Justice" [2003] Don Mitchell "Contesting Crime, Order and Migrant Spaces in Beijing" [2001] Li Zhang "Privacy Could Only Be Had in Public: Gay Uses of the Streets" [1995] George Chauncey "People Who Live in Glass Houses: Edith Farnsworth, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Phillip Johnson" [1998] Alice T. Friedman "The Prison of 'Public Space'" [2008] Mark Kingwell Section 7 - The Urban Experience Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "The Metropolis and Mental Life" [1903] Georg Simmel "Paris-Capital of the Nineteenth Century" [1939] Walter Benjamin "Walking in the City" [1984] Michel de Certeau "The Uses of Sidewalks: Contact" [1961] Jane Jacobs "People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg" [2004] AbdouMaliq Simone "City Life and Difference" [1990] Iris Marion Young Section 8 - Landscape: Nature and Culture Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "A Pair of Ideal Landscapes" [1984] John Brinkerhoff (J.B.) Jackson "The African Origins of Carolina Rice Culture" [2000] Judith Carney "This Land Is Ours Now: Spatial Imaginaries and the Struggle for Land in Brazil" [2004] Wendy Wolford "Beyond Wilderness and Lawn" [1998] Michael Pollan "Ecstatic Places" [1990] Louise Chawla Section 9 - The Social Production of Space (and Time) Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "The Production of Space" [1991] Henri Lefebvre "Railroad Space and Railroad Time" [1978] Wolfgang Schivelbusch "A Time for Space and a Space for Time: The Social Production of the Vacation House" [1980] Anthony King "A Room of One's Own" [1929] Virginia Woolf "The Last Place They Thought Of: Black Women's Geographies" [2006] Katherine McKittrick "Class Struggle on Avenue B: The Lower East Side as Wild Wild West" [1996] Neil Smith Section 10 - Shifting Perspectives: Optics for Revealing Change and Reworking Space Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Panopticism" [1975] Michel Foucault "Toward an Architecture of Humility: On the Value of Experience" [1999] Juhani Pallasmaa "Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California" [2000] Laura Pulido "Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings" [2006] Kevin Hannam, Mimi Sheller, and John Urry "The Global and the Intimate" [2012] Geraldine Pratt and Victoria Rosner "On the Grounds of Globalization: A Topography for Feminist Political Engagement" [2001] Cindi Katz Section 11 - The Spatial Imagination Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Invention, Memory, and Place" [2000] Edward Said "Negotiating the Muslim American Hyphen: Integrated, Parallel, and Conflictual Paths" [2008] Selcuk R. Sirin and Michelle Fine "Maps and the Formation of the Geo-Body of Siam" [1996] Thongchai Winichakul "'Drawing the Coral Heads': Mental Mapping and its Physical Representation in a Polynesian Community" [2003] Richard Feinberg, Ute J. Dymon, Pu Paiaki, Pu Rangituteki, Pu Nukuriaki, and Matthew Rollins "How Do We Get Out of This Capitalist Place?" [1996] J.K. Gibson-Graham "De-, Dis-, Ex-" [1987] Bernard Tschumi Section 12 - Democratic Prospects and Possibilities Editors' Introduction and Suggestions for Further Readings "Restoring Meaningful Subjects and 'Democratic Hope' to Psychology" [2013] Susan Saegert "Rhizome" [1987] Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari "Living the 'Revolution' in an Egyptian Village: Moral Action in a National Space" [2012] Lila Abu-Lughod "Traffic in Democracy" [1999] Michael Sorkin "Containing Children: Some Lessons on Planning for Play from New York City" [2002] Roger Hart
152 citations