Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.

Food regimes and the production of value: Some methodological issues

Abstract: In critically re-examining the concept of food regime this article argues for an alternative formulation thatposits the concept on the foundation of the theory of value, rather than the developmentalist framework of the regulation theory within which it was originally posed. This is possible because while the insights of food regime analysis were rooted in a world historical perspective on global value relations, its presentation always subordinated the latter to the more abstract stage theory of the regulation school. Disentangled from regulationism, the concept of food regime is central for a labour-oriented perspective on imperialism as a relation of production embedded in global value relations. This is part of a broader methodological critique that locates the problematic of development (and consumption, in the postdevelopmentalist era) within the discourses of bourgeois modernity (and postmodernity) and seeks to differentiate these from the problematic of labour and labour emancipation. The article ...

Relational Autonomy: Moving Beyond the Limits of Isolated Individualism

Abstract: Although clinicians may value respecting a patient's or surrogate's autonomy in decision-making, it is not always clear how to proceed in clinical practice. The confusion results, in part, from which conception of autonomy is used to guide ethical practice. Reliance on an individualistic conception such as the "in-control agent" model prioritizes self-sufficiency in decision-making and highlights a decision-maker's capacity to have reason transcend one's emotional experience. An alternative model of autonomy, relational autonomy, highlights the social context within which all individuals exist and acknowledges the emotional and embodied aspects of decision-makers. These 2 conceptions of autonomy lead to different interpretations of several aspects of ethical decision-making. The in-control agent model believes patients or surrogates should avoid both the influence of others and emotional persuasion in decision-making. As a result, providers have a limited role to play and are expected to provide medical expertise but not interfere with the individual's decision-making process. In contrast, a relational autonomy approach acknowledges the central role of others in decision-making, including clinicians, who have a responsibility to engage patients' and surrogates' emotional experiences and offer clear guidance when patients are confronting serious illness. In the pediatric setting, in which decision-making is complicated by having a surrogate decision-maker in addition to a patient, these conceptions of autonomy also may influence expectations about the role that adolescents can play in decision-making.

Social Judgment Theory

Abstract: This chapter discusses the social judgment theory. Social judgment theory is a variation of information processing theory. The theory began with the studies of message perception reported by Sherif and Hovland (1961), who found that receivers do not react neutrally to messages, rather they judge messages as being acceptable or not. This judgment is highly predictable from the discrepancy between message value and the attitude of the receiver. If the discrepancy between message and attitude is small, then the receiver judges the message to be acceptable. However, if the discrepancy is large, then the receiver will judge the message to be biased or distorted and not acceptable. This phenomenon is described in terms of latitudes of acceptance and latitudes of rejection. The latitude of acceptance is centered about the attitude value of the perceiver and represents a region of small message-attitude discrepancy. On either side of the latitude of acceptance, there is a latitude of rejection that contains messages that are highly discrepant in one direction or the other.