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Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1988-Ethics
TL;DR: The concept of self-critical and self-mastering capacities of a person are used to form the desires which motivate free action as mentioned in this paper, which is a theory of individual autonomy.
Abstract: The metaphor of an "inner citadel" was not used approvingly when Isaiah Berlin invoked it as part of his attack on the notion of positive liberty (Berlin 1969, pp. 135 ff.). And although he scoffed at the idea that there loomed within us all an inner structure representing our "true" selves, he was moved to admit that the idea of self-government that positive liberty is meant to capture is a value to be counted among the various elements of a free society. After all, can a person be said to be free or acting freely if the desires which produce those actions do not bear the pedigree of authenticity-the person's "true desires"? What account can we give of the self-critical and self-mastering capacities of a person utilized to form the desires which motivate free action? What such an account would amount to, then, is a theory of individual autonomy. And while a great deal of attention has been paid recently to this notion, much of the work done on the ideas of self-government and autonomy avoids the use of the term 'autonomy.' Nevertheless, what I wish to do in this survey is to touch on the various attempts at constructing such theories of autonomy (or what amounts to autonomy), and the resulting controversies that these have spawned. After asking whether it makes sense to talk of a single or central notion of individual autonomy at all, I will discuss some of the most influential recent theories of autonomy and the criticisms that these have faced. In Section II, I will touch on the relation of autonomy to other values (in particular utility and rights) and turn finally to the question of the value of autonomy itself.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gastronomy, the selection, preparation, presentation, and participation with culinary and gastronomic aspects of food, falls squarely into this category of fine art activity as discussed by the authors since most societies seek to differentiate their food preparation into either the purely utilitarian or the highly developed and stylised methods of presentation and participation which, in many instances, are not designed for consumption merely, but also for status, ritualistic and aesthetic purposes.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the key dimensions of professional value in teaching under three headings: (i) deontic norms, (ii) aretaic norms; and (iii) technical norms.
Abstract: This paper distinguishes the key dimensions of professional value in teaching under three headings: (i) deontic norms; (ii) aretaic norms; and (iii) technical norms. With regard to (i) it is held that aspects of the professional conduct of teachers are properly (though not exclusively) implicated in the observance of moral principles and duties—especially in so far as education may also be considered a human right. With regard to (ii), however, it is argued that professional development is not exhausted by fidelity to obligations, and also needs to be understood in terms of the development of personal qualities of character. That said, some criticism is here offered of a recent critique by Chris Higgins (2003) of the ‘ascetic’ ideal of teaching, and of his defence of a more ‘self‐regarding’ conception of professional development. The final section of the paper argues that insofar as it seems difficult if not impossible to separate the technical from the moral in teacher expertise, contemporary conceptions...

125 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
David Miller1
TL;DR: The principle of nationality is widely believed to be philosophically disreputable and politically reactionary as mentioned in this paper, and it is defined as "to think of oneself as belonging to a community constituted by mutual belief, extended in history, active in character, connected to a particular territory, and marked off from others by its members' distinctive traits".
Abstract: The principle of nationality is widely believed to be philosophically disreputable and politically reactionary. As defined here, it embraces three propositions: national identities are properly part of personal identities; they ground circumscribed obligations to fellow-nationals; and they justify claims to political self-determination. To have a national identity is to think of oneself as belonging to a community constituted by mutual belief, extended in history, active in character, connected to a particular territory, and marked off from others by its members’distinct traits. Such identities are inevitably partly mythical in nature, yet they answer a pressing modern need, the maintenance of solidarity in large, anonymous societies. They are allied to no particular political programme. They do not require the suppression of minority cultures within the political community. They do not justify a secessionist free-for-all. Nor finally does recognition of the role of sentiments in constituting national communities commit us to a subjectivist view of social obligations. Philosophers should recognise the value of these loyalties even if they cannot be rationally grounded in a strong sense. [1]

125 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The challenges for Māori researchers have been to retrieve some space as mentioned in this paper, some space to convince Māore people of the value of research for More, to convince the various, fragmented but powerful research communities of the need for greater More involvement in research; and to develop approaches and ways of carrying out research which take into account, without being limited by, the legacies of previous research, and the parameters of both previous and current approaches.
Abstract: One of the challenges for Māori researchers… has been to retrieve some spacefirst, some space to convince Māori people of the value of research for Māori; second, to convince the various, fragmented but powerful research communities of the need for greater Māori involvement in research; and third, to develop approaches and ways of carrying out research which take into account, without being limited by, the legacies of previous research, and the parameters of both previous and current approaches.

125 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202212
2021864
2020886
2019898
2018824
2017977