Topic
Value (ethics)
About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the study of ethics in an international context in business courses is emphasised and an optimistic analysis of recent progress made in the development of ethical standards in business, including suggestions for future good practice, both internationally and at company level.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to emphasise the importance of the study of ethics in an international context in business courses.Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with proposed learning outcomes. It examines, using contemporary examples, the increased importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the implications of national and international legislation concerning ethical issues and the need for sound overall corporate governance. It concludes with analysis of recent progress towards sustaining ethical standards. The various key ethical dilemmas which occur in business are examined using recent examples, both from the UK and internationally.Findings – The paper presents an optimistic analysis of recent progress made in the development of ethical standards in business, including suggestions for future good practice, both internationally and at company level.Originality/value – The paper emphasises the importance of sound governance, which is fundamental to the success in foste...
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that economic calculations are intertwined with cultural concerns, bound to forms of cultural knowledge, capital and acquired taste, and to social, cultural and institutional relations.
Abstract: This article delineates the operations of one particular ‘aesthetic economy’, focusing on the way in which aesthetics in the field of fashion modelling are central to the economic calculations of this market. Drawing on the work of Bourdieu and Blumer, the author argues that economic calculations are intertwined with cultural concerns, bound to forms of cultural knowledge, capital and acquired taste, and to social, cultural and institutional relations. A culturally valued look (the model’s body) is produced through processes of cultural valorization within the fashion modelling network, which, in time, aim to translate into economic value in the form of high fees. Fashion modelling provides an interesting case study which might shed light on how aesthetic values are generated in other fields of cultural production with a strong aesthetic component. In setting out this case study the author delineates an approach to the study of other aesthetic economies.
125 citations
Book•
[...]
17 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the problem of good and bad reasons for desire and motivation, motivation and grounding reasons, and the good and the bad of the good reasons for motivation and motivation.
Abstract: Introduction - the problem 1. Desire and motivation 2. Motivating reasons and grounding reasons 3. Desire and the good 4. Objective value (part one) 5. Objective value (part two) 6. Hedonism 7. Good and evil 8. Meaning, value and practical judgements References Index.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a broad, long-term view of the development and institutionalization of persuasive organizational communication strategies and techniques is presented, which is not an attempt to catalog additional antecedents to 20th century practices.
Abstract: PART I: OVERVIEW Introduction In the absence of a general theory that describes the rise and growth of public relations, scholars have tended to organize public relations and its antecedents into time periods that present a progressive evolution from unsophisticated and unethical early roots to planned, strategic, and ethical campaigns of the current day. We argue that such attempts at periodization have obscured our understanding of public relations and its history. Indeed, public relations historians have long called for such a departure, noting the constraints it has imposed on understanding the development of public relations in the United States and around the world (e.g., Brown, 2003; Gower, 2007, 2008 Hoy, Raaz, & Wehmeier, 2007 L'Etang, 2004, 2008; Lamme, 2003 McBride, 1989; Miller, 2000 Pearson, 1990; Piasecki, 2000 Toledano, 2005). We therefore analyzed scholarship about public relations (whether it is called publicity, press agentry, propaganda, or public relations) prior to 1900 to understand the growth of the field in a variety of contexts and time periods. This is not an attempt to catalog additional antecedents to 20th century practices. Instead, this study seeks to break away from the misleading dependence on linear interpretations of the field's past and construct a broad, long-term view of the development and institutionalization of persuasive organizational communication strategies and techniques. In the process, we seek to correct misunderstandings about public relations history which have (mis)informed public relations theory for more than 20 years and to describe and understand the historical relationship between public relations, the mass media, and the historical contexts in which public relations emerged. By doing so, we seek to depart from what L'Etang (2008, p. 321) called the patterning, or colligation, of history, which can artificially inflate or diminish the historical role of people and events, and "reappraise the criteria used to establish the meaning of value in the field" (Creedon, 1989, p. 29). The effect of these efforts, then, will be to remove the spin - the conscious positioning of public relations history that has heretofore dominated scholarly understanding of the field's development. SIGNIFICANCE TO MASS COMMUNICATION Public relations history has been of great interest to disciplines lying outside the mass communication field, such as social history (Ewen, 1996; Pimlott, 1951), business history (Gras, 1945; Marchand, 1998, Raucher, 1968, Tedlow, 1979), political science (Maltese, 1992), cultural history (Leach, 1993), English (Davis, 2007), and history (Billington, 1978; Goldman, 1948, 1978; Nevins, 1963). Mass communication scholars also have contributed studies of significance to American public relations history, largely concerning the press and government (e.g., Cone, 2007; Lumsden, 2000; Oukrop, 1976; Streitmatter, 1990), religion (e.g., Ferre, 1993; Nord, 1984), and the advocacy press (e.g., Burt, 1998, 1999; Steiner, 1983; Folkerts, 1985). The latter, in particular, has been found to serve as a tool for community-building (Steiner, 1983; Folkerts, 1985), for enhancing a movement's legitimacy (Folkerts, 1985), for articulating a movement's message, for propagating a movement's mission, for "recruiting, mobilizing, and sustaining support and membership" (Burt, 2000, p. 73), and for serving as "community bulletin boards" (Burt, 1999, p. 39). Finally, three authors grounded in journalism have, to date, written the most extensively on three 20th century public relations pioneers: Hiebert (1966) on Ivy Lee, Tye (1998) on Edward L. Bernays, and Henry (1997, 1998, 1999) on Doris Fleischman. Within the public relations field, however, scholars have pursued new theoretical ground by looking outside the field to apply multi-tiered analyses and frameworks (e.g., Brown, 2006; L'Etang, 2004; Miller, 2000; and Pearson, 1990). Others have considered public relations history in the context of ethics (McBride, 1989) and ethical propaganda (St. …
125 citations
TL;DR: The story of Programme 348: "Future Livestock Production Systems" for the reflexive modernisation of Dutch agriculture, following major crises in the country's husbandry sector is described in this paper.
Abstract: Not coincidentally, deliberative policy analysis has been practiced often in cases that in a very essential sense involve value dissent and major uncertainties: cases of what Beck, Giddens and others have designated "reflexive modernisation". Deliberation, under such circumstances, is to support a synthesising kind of judgment across existing differentiations and distinctions, that is a process of judgement in which assumptions, knowledge claims, distinctions, roles and identities, normally taken for granted, must be critically scrutinised. Thus, existing institutions tend to provide inadequate guidance for such "reflexive design". In this paper, we shed some light on this challenge by telling and reviewing the story of Programme 348: "Future Livestock Production Systems" for the reflexive modernisation of Dutch agriculture, following major crises in the country's husbandry sector. Although an institutional arrangement had been created that was rather favourable to reflexive design, the programme encountered significant difficulties, which we argue are rooted in the institutions that have emerged throughout agricultural modernisation over the past century. We then use Wenger's insights on "communities of practice", as a framework to both understand how established institutions could manifest themselves in P348's reflexive arrangement, and how these difficulties have been dealt with in more or less successful ways. With the insights thus gained, we wish to contribute to the still underdeveloped literature on reflexive design in the trail of recent work by Forester and Fischer.
125 citations