Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.

Chicago studies in political economy

Abstract: "There is no question that a well-defined 'Chicago School' of political economy has emerged, built largely around the work of George J. Stigler and his colleagues. "Chicago Studies in Political Economy" brings together the key works in this field, works that have been extremely influential among economists who study political processes. It is a collection of enormous value."-Roger G. Noll

Practical Philosophy Of Sport And Physical Activity

Abstract: Philosophy is a crucial, yet often overlooked, part of kinesiology students' education. "Practical Philosophy of Sport and Physical Activity, Second Edition, " provides students with a thorough, clear, and practical introduction to the philosophy of physical activity and sport, and in doing so, prepares them for the ethical questions they will face as professionals.This second edition has been significantly revised, and it has been enhanced to include the following features: -Expanded instruction on practical ethics in physical activity, guiding students in how to rank values and turn those values into actions-New material that emphasizes physical activity as well as sport, and provides specific holistic techniques for the practitioner in the workplace-In-depth case studies along with discussion questions that can be used to teach students how to follow a philosophical argument and come to their own conclusions The case studies, one on running up the score and the other on performance-enhancing substances, are based on two articles that are reprinted in their entirety in the appendix. "Practical Philosophy of Sport and Physical Activity, Second Edition, " helps students examine key moral questions in sport. Its approach to the content helps students follow and dissect ethical arguments, think through philosophic issues, and apply theory to practice. Each chapter includes objectives, philosophical exercises, reviews, and study questions to reinforce understanding. Kretchmar's engaging writing style accentuates important topics of discussion, focusing the readers' attention on the philosophy behind the practice or strategy. As a result, students develop their philosophical skills, refine their personal philosophy concerning physical activity and sport, and learn that philosophy can be clear, practical, and holistic, rather than obscure, overly theoretical, and dualistic. The text is arranged in four parts. Part I introduces students to the nature and methods of philosophy. Part II focuses on issues relating to the nature of the athlete or client and includes analyses of dualism, scientific materialism, and holism. Part III delves into kinesiology issues, including the nature of play, games, and competition, and Part IV provides expanded material on ethics, value choices, and active lifestyles.This text provides students with the practical tools and specific techniques they need to think ethically and systematically, as they become skilled practitioners in the field of physical activity and sport. In doing so, it demystifies philosophy and reveals it as the guiding element in our understanding of, and approach to, activity, games, and competitions.

The Additive Fallacy

Abstract: Much moral philosophy is concerned with defending or attacking the moral relevance of various distinctions. Thus consequentialists disagree with deontologists, and deontologists disagree among themselves, over whether any moral weight should be given to such distinctions as that between what one does and what one merely allows, or to the distinction between what one intends as a means, and what one merely foresees as a side-effect, and so on. Similarly, there is disagreement over the moral relevance of such factors as the motive of the agent, the consequences of a given act, or the guilt of those who may be harmed. (On some matters, perhaps, there is widespread agreement: there seems to be a contemporary consensus, e.g., that skin color is of no intrinsic moral importance.) Such discussions, of course, are of intrinsic theoretical interest, for as moral philosophers we would like to have adequate beliefs about which factors (and which distinctions) are morally relevant.' They are also, furthermore, of some practical importance, for we appeal to such factors in assessing the moral status of actions in difficult and controversial cases, and in order to explain and defend our judgments. Obviously, however, such practical applications are of limited value until we have determined whether or not a given distinction actually merits being given moral weight. But how are we to settle this? How can we defend, or attack, claims involving the moral relevance of different distinctions? A very common form of argument proceeds by offering a pair of cases that differ only in terms of the factor in question.2 If we judge the

Program on the Global Demography of Aging

Abstract: Welfare economics, in the form of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, is at present internally inconsistent and ethically unappealing. We address these issues by proposing two ethical axioms: society prefers Pareto improvements and society values lives lived at a "standard" level of health and income equally. We show that there exists a unique social preference ordering satisfying these axioms. Welfare economics is reconstructed to produce rankings consistent with this social preference ordering. The result is that we should always measure willingness to pay in life years, not money units. A standardized life year becomes an interpersonally comparable unit of value.

Justice Accused: Antislavery and the Judicial Process

Abstract: What should a judge do when he must hand down a ruling based on a law that he considers unjust or oppressive? This question is examined through a series of problems concerning unjust law that arose with respect to slavery in nineteenth-century America. "Cover's book is splendid in many ways. His legal history and legal philosophy are both first class...This is, for a change, an interdisciplinary work that is a credit to both disciplines."-Ronald Dworkin, Times Literary Supplement "Scholars should be grateful to Cover for his often brilliant illumination of tensions created in judges by changing eighteenth- and nineteenth-century jurisprudential attitudes and legal standards...An exciting adventure in interdisciplinary history."-Harold M. Hyman, American Historical Review "A most articulate, sophisticated, and learned defense of legal formalism...Deserves and needs to be widely read."-Don Roper, Journal of American History "An excellent illustration of the way in which a burning moral issue relates to the American judicial process. The book thus has both historical value and a very immediate importance."-Edwards A. Stettner, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science "A really fine book, an important contribution to law and to history."-Louis H. Pollak