Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.

Masculine defaults: Identifying and mitigating hidden cultural biases.

Abstract: Understanding and remedying women's underrepresentation in majority-male fields and occupations require the recognition of a lesser-known form of cultural bias called masculine defaults Masculine defaults exist when aspects of a culture value, reward, or regard as standard, normal, neutral, or necessary characteristics or behaviors associated with the male gender role Although feminist theorists have previously described and analyzed masculine defaults (eg, Bem, 1984; de Beauvoir, 1953; Gilligan, 1982; Warren, 1977), here we define masculine defaults in more detail, distinguish them from more well-researched forms of bias, and describe how they contribute to women's underrepresentation We additionally discuss how to counteract masculine defaults and possible challenges to addressing them Efforts to increase women's participation in majority-male departments and companies would benefit from identifying and counteracting masculine defaults on multiple levels of organizational culture (ie, ideas, institutional policies, interactions, individuals) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Recent Work on Epistemic Value

Abstract: One of the most interesting developments in recent work in epistemology has been its focus on epistemic value. Indeed, it has been suggested-by Wayne Riggs (2006)-that contemporary epistemology is at present undergoing a "value-turn," such is the impact that value theory is having on epistemologi cal debate. The aim of this survey piece is to provide an overview of this new movement. This renewed focus on epistemic value primarily grew out of one of the last big de velopments in epistemology-that of virtue epistemology, which rose to prominence from the mid 1980s onward.1 The essential idea behind virtue epistemology, at least in its most robust guises, was that knowledge should essentially and exclusively be under stood in terms of the epistemic virtues (where the notion of an epistemic virtue was often understood quite broadly so that it included the cognitive faculties). Once epistemologists had started to think about knowledge in these virtue-theoretic terms, however, it was unsur prising that they started to ask value-driven questions about their subject matter. For one thing, the interest in epistemic virtues stimulated a rapprochement between epistemology and ethics, with epistemolo gists looking to ethical and meta-ethical de bates for ideas applicable to epistemological problems. Since the issue of value obviously looms large in ethics, it is natural that such investigations would draw considerations about value into epistemological debates. Moreover, virtue theory brings with it a host of theses about value anyway. Virtuous char acter traits are meant to be traits that have a special value (though whether this thesis applies to cognitive faculties is not so clear), and the life led by the virtuous agent is also held to be of special value, possibly as a result of the fact that it involves the operation of the epistemic virtues (this depends on one's virtue theory). This interest in epistemic value that grew out of work on virtue epistemology neatly dovetailed with a second trend in epistemol ogy that started to gather pace around the mid 1980s. This wasn't a new epistemologi cal movement as such, but rather a general and growing dissatisfaction with one of the main directions of research in epistemology, what we might loosely call "post-Gettier epistemology." Ever since Gettier's seminal article back in the early 1960s which showed that knowledge is not justified true belief (at least given a certain plausible construal of justification), the search had been on for a new analysis of knowledge which was Gettier-proof. Many of the ensuing analyses

Ethics as a risk management strategy: the Australian experience

Abstract: This article addresses the connection of ethics to risk management, and argues that there are compelling reasons to consider good ethical practice to be an essential part of such risk management. That connection has significant commercial outcomes, which include identifying potential problems, preventing fraud, the preservation of corporate reputation, and the mitigation of court penalties should any transgression arise. Information about the legal position, examples of cases, and arguments about the potential benefits of ethics are canvassed. The orientation of this article is essentially Australian. It is hoped that it may provide some insights of value to other countries.

Public value and political astuteness in the work of public managers: the art of the possible

Abstract: The public value framework, with its call for more entrepreneurial activities by public managers, has attracted concern and criticism about its implicit breaching of the politics/administration dichotomy. This article explores the role of political astuteness not only in discerning and creating public value, but also in enabling public managers to be sensitive to the dichotomy. We employ a conceptual framework to identify the skills of political astuteness, and then articulate these in relation to identifying and generating public value. Drawing on a survey of 1,012 public managers in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK, and in-depth interviews with 42 of them, we examine the perceptions and capabilities of public managers in producing value for the public while traversing the line (or zone) between politics and administration. We conclude that political astuteness is essential to both creating value and maintaining allegiance to democratic principles.

An integrative framework of value

Abstract: Originality/value of chapter – This chapter extends existing literature on value through reconciliation of various theoretical literatures in management, marketing, philosophy and economics. Notably, it highlights implicit assumptions in philosophy, chronology and consciousness of value and their potential limitations. It proposes an integrative framework that can be used for understanding the future of marketing and new business models.