Topic
Value (ethics)
About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Andrew Apter as discussed by the authors examines how Yoruba forms of ritual and knowledge shape politics, history, and resistance against the state, focusing on "deep" knowledge in Yoruba cosmology as an interpretive space for configuring difference.
Abstract: How can we account for the power of ritual? This is the guiding question of "Black Critics and Kings," which examines how Yoruba forms of ritual and knowledge shape politics, history, and resistance against the state. Focusing on "deep" knowledge in Yoruba cosmology as an interpretive space for configuring difference, Andrew Apter analyzes ritual empowerment as an essentially critical practice, one that revises authoritative discourses of space, time, gender, and sovereignty to promote political--and even violent--change. Documenting the development of a Yoruba kingdom from its nineteenth-century genesis to Nigeria's 1983 elections and subsequent military coup, Apter identifies the central role of ritual in reconfiguring power relations both internally and in relation to wider political arenas. What emerges is an ethnography of an interpretive vision that has broadened the horizons of local knowledge to embrace Christianity, colonialism, class formation, and the contemporary Nigerian state. In this capacity, Yoruba "orisa" worship remains a critical site of response to hegemonic interventions. With sustained theoretical argument and empirical rigor, Apter answers critical anthropologists who interrogate the possibility of ethnography. He reveals how an indigenous hermeneutics of power is put into ritual practice--with multiple voices, self-reflexive awareness, and concrete political results. "Black Critics and Kings" eloquently illustrates the ethnographic value of listening to the voice of the other, with implications extending beyond anthropology to engage leading debates in black critical theory."
110 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored corporate politics, governance and value in the S&P 500 before and after Citizens United and found that firms that were politically active in 2008 had lower value in 2010 than other firms, consistent with politics at least partly causing and not merely correlating with lower value.
Abstract: This paper explores corporate politics, governance and value in the S&P 500 before and after Citizens United. In regulated and government-dependent industries (e.g., banking, telecommunications), political activity is nearly universal, and uncorrelated with measures of shareholder power, managerial agency costs, or value. But 11% of CEOs in 2000 who retired by 2011 obtained political positions after retiring, and in a majority of industries (e.g., apparel, retail), political activity is common but varied, and correlates negatively with measures of shareholder power (concentration, rights), positively with signs of managerial agency costs (corporate jet use by CEOs), and negatively with shareholder value (industry-relative Tobin’s q). The negative politics-value relationship is stronger in firms making large capital expenditures, suggesting that politics may lead firms to pursue value-destroying projects, and the relationship is also stronger in regressions with firm and time fixed effects, which rule out many potential omitted variables. After the exogenous shock of Citizens United, corporate lobbying and PAC activity jumped, in both frequency and amount, and firms that were politically active in 2008 had lower value in 2010 than other firms, consistent with politics at least partly causing and not merely correlating with lower value. Overall, the results are inconsistent with politics generally serving shareholder interests, and support proposals to require disclosure of political activity to shareholders.
110 citations
Book•
01 Sep 2007
TL;DR: Tierney and Hentschke explore what traditional and nontraditional colleges and universities can learn from each other, comparing how they recruit students, employ faculty, and organize instructional programs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As the economic value of education increases, as more students seek to complete college courses while forgoing the "undergraduate experience," and as funding for public higher education decreases, the for-profit higher education sector has exploded. In New Players, Different Game, William G. Tierney and Guilbert C. Hentschke compare for-profit and not-for-profit models of higher education to assess the strengths and weaknesses of both. For-profit institutions offer a fundamentally distinct type of postsecondary education. Some critics argue the institutions are so different they should not be accepted as an integral part of the American higher education system. Here, Tierney and Hentschke explore what traditional and nontraditional colleges and universities can learn from each other, comparing how they recruit students, employ faculty, and organize instructional programs. The authors suggest that, rather than continuing their standoff, the two sectors could mutually benefit from examining each other's culture, practices, and outcomes.
110 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a drama in five acts: act 1 an idea is born in a London cafe act 2 why is clinical budgeting? act 3 the problems of experimentation act 4 Wickings' world act 5 an evaluation meeting notes.
Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: the National Health Service and the economic community the study and its method the threefold strategy. Part 2 Colonizing the mind - dilemmas in the application of economics? what is economics? common misconceptions about economics avoiding confrontation the ills of the NHS criticism without offence technical judgements and value judgements the dual programme of health economics. Part 3 Quick and dirty - the problems of intervention: rationality and irrationality in the NHS insider problems the pros and cons of working on the outside judgements of success and failure. Part 4 "Fury above prof's kidney call" - health economists in the media: introduction who's right, who's wrong and who decides? the other York - health economics under the microscope. Part 5 Measuring the quality of life - a sociological invention: an opening dialogue discussion of the paper begins measuring the quality of life further implications are explored conclusions are drawn concerning social science and practical action measuring quality of life - a comment by Alan Williams note. Part 6 Clinical budgeting - experimentation in the social sciences: a drama in five acts: act 1 an idea is born in a London cafe act 2 why is clinical budgeting? act 3 the problems of experimentation act 4 Wickings' world act 5 an evaluation meeting notes. Part 7 The rationalized choice - option appraisal and the politics of rational decision-making: politics, appraisal and the politics of appraisal reading "Planning Hospital Services" the final choice which costs? numbers, anomalies and benefits scores a positive conclusion is "Planning Hospital Services" a poor appraisal? a brief lesson notes. Part 8 Summaries, conclusions and readings: summaries and conclusions (with imaginary interruptions) rational affirmation - an economist's reading critical deconstruciton - a sociologist's reading sceptical self-realization - a layperson's reading. Appendix: research materials interviews and transcripts texts recorded events.
110 citations
TL;DR: Kasser, Cohen, Kanner, and Ryan as discussed by the authors examine presumed psychological costs of American Corporate Capitalism and argue persuasively that the institutions and ideologies of ACC foster a set of val...
Abstract: Kasser, Cohen, Kanner, and Ryan (2007) examine presumed psychological costs of American Corporate Capitalism. They argue persuasively that the institutions and ideologies of ACC foster a set of val...
110 citations