Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.

Utilitarianism and Other Essays

Abstract: One of the most important nineteenth-century schools of thought, Utilitarianism propounds the view that the value or rightness of an action rests in how well it promotes the welfare of those affected by it, aiming for 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number'. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was the movement's founder, as much a social reformer as a philosopher. His greatest interpreter, John Stuart Mill (1806-73), set out to humanize Bentham's pragmatic Utilitarianism by balancing the claims of reason and the imagination, individuality and social well-being in essays such as 'Bentham', 'Coleridge' and, above all, Utilitarianism. The works by Bentham and Mill collected in this volume show the creation and development of a system of ethics that has had an enduring influence on moral philosophy and legislative policy.

Managing cultural differences : strategies for competitive advantage

Abstract: The impact of Cultural Diversity on International Business. Culture: What it is. What it is not and how it Directs Organizational Behaviour. The Strategic Value of Cultural Differences. Advertising Across Cultures. Managing Human Resources Across Cultures. Managing Alliances Across Cultures.

The Capability Approach

Abstract: text In its most general description, the capability approach is a flexible and multi-purpose normative framework, rather than a precise theory of well-being, freedom or justice. At its core are two normative claims: first, the claim that the freedom to achieve well-being is of primary moral importance, and second, that freedom to achieve well-being is to be understood in terms of people’s capabilities, that is, their real opportunities to do and be what they have reason to value. This framework can be used for a range of evaluative exercises, including most prominent the following: (1) the assessment of individual well-being; (2) the evaluation and assessment of social arrangements, including assessments of social and distributive justice; and (3) the design of policies and proposals about social change in society. In all these normative endeavors, the capability approach prioritizes (a selection of) peoples’ beings and doings and their opportunities to realize those beings and doings (such as their genuine opportunities to be educated, their ability to move around or to enjoy supportive social relationships). This stands in contrast to other accounts of well-being, which focus exclusively on subjective categories (such as happiness) or on the means to well-being (such as resources like income or wealth).

A Comparison of Multiple Constituency Models of Organizational Effectiveness

Abstract: Four sets of multiple constituency models of organizational effectiveness, which employ relativistic, power, social justice, and evolutionary perspectives, are reviewed. Comparison of these perspectives shows that the construct of organizational effectiveness is both value-based and time-specific. The implications of these findings are examined in the form of potential directions for research on organizational effectiveness.

From Value Chain to Value Constellation

Abstract: Successful companies increasingly go beyond adding value by reinventing it. Looking at European businesses in Sweden, Denmark, and France, the authors show that a company's strategic challenge is the continuous reconfiguration and integration of its competencies and customers - changing the roles and relationships among its "constellation" of key players.