Value (ethics)

About: Value (ethics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461372 citations.

Aesthetic and spiritual values of ecosystems: recognising the ontological and axiological plurality of cultural ecosystem 'services'.

Abstract: This paper explores spiritual and aesthetic cultural values associated with ecosystems. We argue that these values are not best captured by instrumental or consequentialist thinking, and they are grounded in conceptions of nature that differ from the ecosystem services conceptual framework. To support our case, we engage with theories of the aesthetic and the spiritual, sample the discourse of ‘wilderness’, and provide empirical evidence from the recent UK National Ecosystem Assessment Follow-on Phase. We observe that accounts of spiritual and aesthetic value in Western culture are diverse and expressed through different media. We recognise that humans do benefit from their aesthetic and spiritual experiences of nature. However, aesthetic and spiritual understandings of the value of nature lead people to develop moral responsibilities towards nature and these are more significant than aesthetic and spiritual benefits from nature. We conclude that aesthetic and spiritual values challenge economic conceptions of ecosystems and of value (including existence value), and that an analysis of cultural productions and a plural-values approach are needed to evidence them appropriately for decision-making.

Considering the central ideas of the ethics of care in N. Noddings' Caring : A Feminine Approach to Ethics & Moral Education

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine N. Noddings’ central ideas regarding the ethics of care. Noddings defines the core sense of care as engrossment toward those with whom the caretaker is emotionally attached, and she encourages caregivers to act not according to moral reasoning and principles, but according to personal existential decisions. She also rejects the concept of universalizability of moral values. However, caring in itself is not necessarily morally good. To evaluate the act of caring as morally good or moderate, caregivers must have another frame of reference outside of caring. Therefore, one must employ the notion of universalizability to maintain a frame of reference with which one can then examine the value of caregiving acts. I argue that these incongruences in her theory stem from her rejection of the concept of universalizability of moral values, along with her rejection of principles and rules as the major guides to ethical behavior.

Linking values and organizational commitment: A correlational and experimental investigation in two organizations

Abstract: The aim of the two studies was to confirm and clarify the relationships between values and components of organizational commitment (OC) in two organizations. Study 1 extended the work of Finegan (2000) by investigating antecedents of OC in terms of personal and perceived organizational values while

On Church and Sect

Abstract: The three kinds of studies here suggested are capable of extension in many directions. For example, the distinction between the medieval political community, the modern nation-state and the crisis of transition is applicable principally to the countries of Western Europe, and one should explore the limits of this applicability. But one may also apply an analogous approach to other areas of the world which differ from the Western European pattern, to be sure, but which nonetheless possess common structural characteristics of their own.20 With regard to these characteristics it should be possible to formulate models of the pre-modern social structure, of the transition which followed, and of the modern social structure which has developed to date.2' These are only a few positive illustrations of comparative sociological studies aiming at propositions that are true of more than one but less than all societies. This essay will have served its purpose if it directs attention to a type of inquiry whichat the macro-sociological level-seeks to hold a balance between grand theory and the descriptive accounts of area-studies. contained in R. Bendix and Stein Rokkan, "The Extension of National Citizenship to the Lower Classes: A Comparative Perspective," Paper submitted to the Fifth World Congress of Sociology, Washington 1962. 20 Examples are the Latin American countries which have in common the Spanish colonial heritage, European frontier-settlements like the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand which have the British legacy in common, and others. Such groupings are not always that simple and there are countries, like Japan, which probably are in a category of their own. Such historical clustering of social structures may then be analyzed with the aid of sociological universals; but I confess to considerable scepticism concerning the use of such universals without regard to such clusters, or in the absence of an attempt to spell out in what respects two or more social structures are alike or different. I have made such an attempt in a comparison of German and Japanese modernization. See Reinhard Bendix, "Pre-conditions of Development: A Comparison of Germany and Japan," Conference on Modern Japan, Bermuda, 1962. 21 In an effort to articulate the distinguishing features of Western European societies, I have attempted to formulate such models for Russia from her autocratic rule in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to her totalitarian structure of the postrevolutionary period. See my Work and Authority in Industry, New York: John Wiley, 1956, Chapters 3 and 6 and "The Cultural and Political Setting of Economic Rationality in Western and Eastern Europe," in Gregory Grossman (ed.), Value and Plan, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960, pp. 245-70.

Aesthetic Politics: Political Philosophy Beyond Fact and Value

Abstract: Preface Introduction: against ethics 1. Political representation: the aesthetic state 2. Stoa, aesthetics, and democracy 3. Romanticism, postmodernism, and democracy 4. Politics and irony 5. Politics and metaphor 6. Metaphor and paradox in Tocqueville's political writings Conclusion: democracy in the age of unintended consequences Notes Index.