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Van der Pauw method

About: Van der Pauw method is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1682 publications have been published within this topic receiving 25364 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, exact analytic expressions for the sensitivity of resistive and Hall measurements to local inhomogeneities in a specimen's material properties in the combined linear limit of a weak perturbation over an infinitesimal area in a small magnetic field were derived.
Abstract: We derive exact, analytic expressions for the sensitivity of resistive and Hall measurements to local inhomogeneities in a specimen's material properties in the combined linear limit of a weak perturbation over an infinitesimal area in a small magnetic field. We apply these expressions both to four-point probe measurements on an infinite plane and to symmetric, circular van der Pauw discs, obtaining functions consistent with published results. These new expressions speed up calculation of the sensitivity for a specimen of arbitrary shape to little more than the solution of two Laplace equation boundary-value problems of the order of N3 calculations, rather than N2 problems of total order N5, and in a few cases produces an analytic expression for the sensitivity. These functions provide an intuitive, visual explanation of how, for example, measurements can predict the wrong carrier type in n-type ZnO.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sheet resistance of the SnO(2) films was affected significantly by deposition temperature and In content, and the van der Pauw method was used to measure the sheet resistance.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of annealing on gold structures sputtered onto glass substrate were studied using AFM, SEM, UV-Vis methods and electrical measurements, and the results suggest that the anneal affects electrical properties of the Au coverage namely electrical sheet resistance, free carriers volume concentration, the saturation of which is in comparison with as-sputtered samples shifted towards thicker structures.
Abstract: Ultrathin gold layers with different thickness of (10–100 nm) on the glass substrate were obtained by Ar plasma-assisted sputtering. The effects of annealing on gold structures sputtered onto glass substrate were studied using AFM, SEM, UV–Vis methods and electrical measurements. Concentration of free charge carriers were determined from the measured resistance and the Hall constant measured by the Van der Pauw method. We have shown that post-deposition thermal treatment leads in significant change in surface morphology of the sputtered Au structures. Our results suggest that the annealing affects electrical properties of the Au coverage namely electrical sheet resistance, free carriers volume concentration, the saturation of which is in comparison with as-sputtered samples shifted towards thicker structures. While semi-conductive character of as-sputtered samples diminishes close to the Au structure thickness of ca 20 nm, in the case of the annealed structures zero-level saturation is achieved for the thickness of 60 nm.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the van der Pauw method for two-dimensional samples of arbitrary shape with an isolated hole is considered, and the relationship between extreme values of the resistances allow one to determine the specific resistivity of the sample and the dimensionless parameter related to the geometry of the isolated hole, known as the Riemann modulus.
Abstract: The van der Pauw method for two-dimensional samples of arbitrary shape with an isolated hole is considered. Correlations between extreme values of the resistances allow one to determine the specific resistivity of the sample and the dimensionless parameter related to the geometry of the isolated hole, known as the Riemann modulus. The parameter is invariant under conformal mappings. Experimental verification of the method is presented.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical and electrical properties of GaN doped over a wide range of Mg-concentrations and growth-conditions before and after annealing were investigated.

15 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202328
202241
202128
202030
201960
201867