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Showing papers on "Vapours published in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of impregnation on long-term durability has been investigated by exposing 1.3mm thick specimens of sulphur-impregnated, autoclaved, portland cement-silica mixtures, room-temperature-cured pastes and porous glass to various liquids including water.

10 citations



Patent
16 Nov 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the first and second vapour circuits were used for the recovery of alcoholic vapours from the skins of grapes after the last pressing and subsequent drying of the latter, and the efficiency of desorption attained was greater than that obtd. in existing methods by mixing of the product and the air surrounding it.
Abstract: Drying comprises heating the product by a part of the vapours from the product previously compressed and then heating the product by contact of the latter with a part of the vapours previously superheated by exchange of heat with an auxiliary fluid. An appts. comprises an enclosure, means of charging product to the enclosure, and first and second vapour circuits. The first opens at one or other of its ends into the enclosure and into a receiver for recovery of condensate from teh vapours. This circuit includes a compressor and means of heating the product from the heat of the vapours in the circuit. The second circuit has the inlet and outlet respectively connected to the enclosure and is sepd. from the first circuit. It includes means of putting the vapours into circulation and means of exchanging heat between them and an auxiliary fluid. Used in the recovery of alcoholic vapours from the skins of grapes after the last pressing and subsequent drying of the latter. The efficiency of desorption attained is greater than that obtd. in existing methods by mixing of the product and the air surrounding it, as the specific heat of the vapour is double that of air and the volatile constituents have a greater affinity to their vapours than air.

8 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the condensation process of mixtures of vapours of immiscible liquids and an experimental study in which local heat transfer coefficients have been measured and related to visual observations of the condensate flow pattern.
Abstract: The condensation of mixtures of vapours of immiscible liquids is a process which occurs frequently in the oil and chemical process industries, particularly where such processes as steam distillation, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation and solvent drying are used. Yet the process is not understood. The discrepancies between the heat transfer coefficients reported by previous workers in this field are so large that none of the published correlations can be confidently used for design purposes. The relationships found between heat transfer coefficient and temperature driving force differ so widely that it is impossible to predict., without prior experimentation, the behaviour of condensers when operating conditions are changed. The present state of knowledge in this field is such that it is not known whether the factor controlling heat transfer rate during condensation is simply the conductive resistance of the condensate layer, or whether the conditions at the vapour–liquid interface are of importance. A need for further work in this field is obvious. The work described in this thesis covers the design and development of an apparatus to investigate the process of condensation of mixtures of vapours of immiscible liquids and an experimental study in which local heat transfer coefficients have been measured and related to visual observations of the condensate flow pattern.

3 citations


Patent
06 Apr 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a glass for optical fiber free from water at low temperature was constructed by mixing vapours of SiCl4 and dopant with oxygen contg. O3, and heating them to a temp higher than a decomposition temp. of O3.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a glass for optical fiber free from water at low temp., by mixing vapours of SiCl4 and dopant with oxygen contg. O3, and heating them to a temp. higher than a decomposition temp. of O3.

2 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chromium dioxide was synthesized by a sealed tube reaction starting from CrO3 and CaCl2.2H2O at 360°C for 24 hrs as discussed by the authors, where an ambient pressure of about 30 atm is estimated to be produced by the gases and vapours emitted during the reaction.

2 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors obtained the generation of chlorine ions at wavelengths 5218 A and 5221 A in the conditions of pulse discharge in the vapours of CuCl and FeCl 2.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the viscosities of 28 gases and vapours including some as polyatomic as normal octane, ethyl acetate, toluene, and stannic bromide are compared.
Abstract: A treatment of the “Viscosity of Dilute Gases and Vapors”, published in 1976, superimposed upon a single line the viscosities of Ne, Ar, CH4, CO2, C3H8, Br2 and n-C4H10 over ranges of temperature. This paper correlates by the same method the viscosities of 28 gases and vapours including some as polyatomic as normal octane, ethyl acetate, toluene, and stannic bromide. A relation is presented between heat capacities and the key parameters in the equation for viscosities of polyatomic vapours; the points for those with tetrahedral molecules fall upon one line; those with linear flexible molecules fall upon another.

1 citations


Patent
15 Mar 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the detection of organic vapours by change in light transmitted by a Liq crystal coated wave guide subjected to vapour was investigated. But the results were limited to a single application.
Abstract: Detection of organic vapours by change in light transmitted by liq crystal coated wave guide subjected to vapour

Patent
19 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the treatment of gases and vapours with H2SO4 is claimed, and a hollow cylinder through which a recycling liquid is circulated is introduced as a fine spray at several positions into the stream of gases.
Abstract: Treatment of gases and vapours evolved during the treatment of Ti contg. materials with H2SO4 is claimed. During those parts of the process in which large amounts of vapours are emitted these are at least partially condensed by passage through a hollow cylinder through which a recycling liquid is circulated. During the complete duration of the operation an alkaline liquid is introduced as a fine spray at several positions into the stream of gases and vapours. This is sepd. off from the process and is at least partially recycled. The feed to each position can be controlled in quantity, concn. and degree of atomisation. The exhaust gas after passage through the cylinder contg. the recirculating liquid enters a residence zone before it enters the chimney. Used with titanium extn. processes. Process ensures complete removal of noxious gases and vapours esp. SO3 and SO2. It gives this at all stages of the acid treatment, combining it with sparing alkali usage and permitting variations in the ratio not only between treatments but also during them.