Showing papers on "Vapours published in 1987"
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of plant foliage as an air contamination indicator is discussed and the accumulation and release kinetics from azalea leaves exposed at vapours of (γ- and γ-HCH, p,p′-DDT and DDE, and a PCB mixture (Fenclor 64) are reported.
53 citations
Patent•
31 Mar 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a method for pumping out vapours and/or vaporous mixtures and gas-vapour mixtures in two or more stages from at least one receiver by evacuation is presented.
Abstract: A method for pumping out vapours and/or vaporous mixtures and/or gas-vapour mixtures and/or similar media in two or more stages from at least one receiver by evacuation is to be developed further so that a final pressure of less than 10 hPa, and preferably in the range 10 hPa to 10 hPa, can easily be achieved, and that it is also ensured that the vapours and/or vaporous mixtures and/or gas-vapour mixtures or similar media can be compressed to atmospheric pressure and pumped, even if partial condensation occurs. This is achieved by having the one or more first, vacuum-producing pumping-out stages (A1) followed by one or more second pumping-out stages (A2) that compress to atmospheric pressure so that the one or more first pumping-out stages or the space surrounding these is pumped out by the one or more second pumping-out stages to below a pressure corresponding to the dew point of the respective medium to be pumped out.
30 citations
Patent•
24 Dec 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a drier is fed from outside not only the fluidizing medium but also a high-energy heating medium, whereas the vapours discharged remain unutilised.
Abstract: In the case of known processes for drying moist bulk materials in a fluidised bed, the drier is fed from outside not only the fluidising medium but also a high-energy heating medium, whereas the vapours discharged remain unutilised. By the process according to the invention, the feeding of heating medium from outside is to be avoided, the energy balance improved and the emission of vapours reduced. For this purpose, a partial stream (15) of the vapours (10), subjected to dust separation in an electrostatic precipitator (11), is compressed into saturated steam for use as a heating medium (18) in a compressor (14), with the supply of electric energy and the injection (17) of vapour condensate (29). A second partial stream (13) serves as fluidising medium for the preheated bulk material (5) passed through the drier (6). The preheating takes place in a heat exchanger (2), which has a partial stream (3) of the vapour condensate (21) flowing through it. After phase separation in an expansion vessel (4), the vapour phase (23) of the condensate is fed to the partial stream (16). The process is suitable in particular for the drying of pit-moist lignite or of moist sewage sludge.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus is described for automatic measurement of the adsorption isotherms of water vapour on hygroscopic materials, such as montmorillonite clay.
Abstract: An apparatus is described which was constructed for automatic measurement of the adsorption isotherms of water vapour on hygroscopic materials. It has been applied to the study of the adsorption of water by homoionic cation-exchanged forms of montmorillonite clay. Nevertheless the principles are sufficiently general for the technique to be applied to other condensible vapours or fixed gases and other substrates.
10 citations
Patent•
21 Sep 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the fluidised-bed dryer be operated under pressure, and the vapours produced be superheated and expanded in a turbine to do work.
Abstract: In a method for drying solids using a fluidised-bed dryer, in which at least some of the vapours generated are returned to the fluidised-bed dryer as a carrier medium, and in which the heat needed for the drying process is generated externally and transmitted to the fluidised-bed dryer via a heat transfer medium, it is suggested that the fluidised-bed dryer be operated under pressure, and the vapours produced be superheated and expanded in a turbine to do work. In this way, the heat content of the vapours produced can be utilised optimally, and complete self-sufficiency with regard to external energy and process ingredients achieved.
8 citations
Patent•
01 Sep 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a method and apparatus for cooling gases and/or vapors from non-ferrous metal treatment plants, where gases and or vapors which develop in the treatment region are passed parallel to a heat transfer surface consisting of one or more sets of vertical tubes disposed in intimate mutual contact to form a shaft structure, the tubes being fed with water under pressure to produce steam.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling gases and/or vapors from non-ferrous metal treatment plants, wherein gases and/or vapors which develop in the treatment region are passed parallel to a heat transfer surface consisting of one or more sets of vertical tubes disposed in intimate mutual contact to form a shaft structure, the tubes being fed with water under pressure to produce steam, and the shaft structure being suspended above the treatment region.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that 20% to 56% of the users' responses were negative, while the remaining 80% were positive. But they did not specify the percentage of negative responses.
Abstract: 環境分析技術協議会会員33機関による作業環境中の有機溶剤測定法の共同実験を行った.2~3成分の溶剤蒸気を含む合成試料8種類を調製し,これを活性炭管法で採取したものを分析試料とした.4回の実験でメタノール,酢酸エチル,メチルエチルケトン,ベンゼン,トルエン,パラキシレンの6成分の活性炭管での回収率を調べた結果,メタノール,メチルエチルケトンでは平均20%と56%でかなり悪いが,他の成分はいずれもほぼ完全に回収できた.又,活性炭管に採取した試料は1週間後でも変化せず保存性はすべての成分について良好であった.GC分析における誤差要因として検量線の変動を検討し,特に試料注入量の変動と偏りが大きいことを確かめた.更にマイクロシリンジを用いた標準液調製法の精度を検討して良好な結果を得た.
4 citations
Patent•
23 Jul 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency of condensing solvent vapours is improved by arranging a pot-shaped condensation vessel (3) having double walls (6, 7) in an insulated vessel (2), a condensation space (8) being enclosed by the double walls and coolant (19) being present both in the space (9) between the insulated vessel and condensation vessels (3).
Abstract: In a laboratory and pilot plant apparatus, in particular for condensing solvent vapours, the efficiency is improved by arranging a pot-shaped condensation vessel (3) having double walls (6, 7) in an insulated vessel (2), a condensation space (8) being enclosed by the double walls (6, 7) and coolant (19) being present both in the space (9) between insulated vessel (2) and condensation vessel (3) and in the interior (18) of the condensation vessel (3).
3 citations
2 citations
Patent•
05 Feb 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for selectively separating off hydrocarbon vapours from gas streams containing these in addition to steam, in particular from the exhaust air from textile driers or other types of thermal channels such as coating units, is described.
Abstract: A process is described for selectively separating off hydrocarbon vapours from gas streams containing these in addition to steam, in particular from the exhaust air from textile driers or other types of thermal channels such as coating units. The untreated discharge of such exhaust gas streams represents a considerable environmental pollution because of the hydrocarbon components contained therein. Treatment methods hitherto have been too complex on the one hand and give a hardly satisfactory result. The process described here exploits the considerable dew point difference, under practical conditions of such exhaust gas streams, between the steam component on the one hand and the hydrocarbon vapours on the other hand, which makes possible a selective separation of the hydrocarbon vapours by condensation. For this purpose, the exhaust gas stream to be treated is passed through a heat exchanger acting as a condenser which is kept at a temperature markedly above the dew point of the steam and markedly below the dew point of the hydrocarbon vapours, preferably at a temperature of about 100 DEG C. In this case, the hydrocarbon vapours condense in the condenser and can be jointly separated off or conducted away, while the steam is not condensed but remains in vapour form and escapes with the exhaust air into the open. The cooling of the condenser can [lacuna] with ambient air or fresh air by means of a fan with ... Original abstract incomplete.
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that organic vapours when present in the air sample prior to irradiation act as an inhibiting agent to aerosol formation and a number of possible explanations are discussed.
Abstract: The work described in this paper deals with the production of aerosols (condensation nuclei) formed when an air sample is irradiated with α- particles. In the experiments synthetic air was used to which various trace gases were added in measured amounts. The reactions took place in a cylindrical teflon chamber and the aerosol measurements were made using a condensation nucleus counter. It was found that the aerosol concentration produced in the reaction was dependent on the concentration of SO2 present in the air sample. Organic vapours when present in the air sample prior to irradiation were found to act as an inhibiting agent to aerosol formation. Detailed studies were made under controlled conditions in order to try to quantify the effects of the organic vapours and to explain their action. A number of possible explanations are discussed.
Patent•
21 Oct 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-stage mixed condensation of vapours, in particular vapours produced in regenerating spinning bath solutions, is described, where the overflow from each mixed condenser circuit is conveyed to the next cooler mixed-condenser and the working liquid is fed in countercurrent to the cooling solution in the mixed condensers in the interconnected recooler system.
Abstract: In a process for the multi-stage mixed condensation of vapours, in particular vapours produced in regenerating spinning bath solutions, the heat liberated in the mixed condensers [9, 10, 11] is utilised by means of surface condensers [15, 16, 17] to heat a working liquid. Every condensation stage has a separate mixed condenser with its own mixed condenser circuit [12, 13, 14] for the cooling solution used and also a recooler for heating the working liquid. The process is characterised in that the overflow [21, 22] from each mixed condenser circuit is conveyed to the next cooler mixed condenser and the working liquid is fed in countercurrent to the cooling solution in the mixed condensers in the interconnected recooler system.