Vapours

About: Vapours is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1153 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15022 citations.

Improvements in Means and Apparatus for Treating Oleaginous Substances and for Melting and Extracting Fat and other Products therefrom.

Abstract: 3664. Powling, W. T., and Powling, B. B., [trading as Powling Bros.]. Feb. 12. Fats and fatty oils, extracting. - Apparatns for rendering tallow, or for extracting fat, oil, &c. from bones, fish, blubber, seeds, &c. of the kind described in Specification 8397/12 is combined with a preliminary heating-vessel of such capacity as to supply two or more extracting- vessels, and this vessel is heated by the vapours from the extracting-vessels and by the exhaust steam from an engine driving the agitators. The preliminary heating-vessel A is fed from a hopper C by a worm D, and the material is cut up as it enters the vessel by knives E attached to the agitators. The vessel is heated by vapours from the extracting-vessels admitted to a jacket A by the pipe 0, a steam-jet 0' being used to cause flow of the vapours. Water condensed from the vapours is collected in a vessel P, and the remainder of the vapours together with those from the interior of the vessel are passed by pumps F, F into a flue F leading to a furnace. The material is discharged through an outlet K, fitted with a screwdown valve H, on to a pivoted shoot M, which discharges the material into one of the hoppers B leading to the extracting-vessels. The agitators E, and also the agitators in the extracting-vessels, may consist of scoops or troughshaped paddles. According to the Provisional Specification, ozone may be injected into the vessels.

AN APPLICATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE ANALYSIS OF SOLVENT VAPOURS IN THE INDUSTRIAL AIR : Rept.1

Abstract: Air in a working place like workshops contains thin solvent vapours, often as mixtures. It is rather difficult to analyze them quantitatively. It seems, however, to be necessary from the stand-point of occupational health to isolate and quantitatively determine each constituent, because injuriousness varies in each solvent. This paper deals with the determination of such solvent vapours by means of gas chromatography. 1. Sampling and preserving. Industrial air is sampled by a 100 ml glass injector, when piston in operated with the injector by stirring up its inner part so as to gain the possible uniform gas. The needle-attached pipe is capped with a small rubber cap, and carbowax 1500 is applied to it against gas leakage. Then the injector filled with sampled gas is being kept horizontally, until it is taken out for gas chromatography. 2. Gas chromatographic technique. First, a survey is made on the method of quantitative determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and others in the solvent. Then, the best result is obtained with gas chromatography under the following conditions. Stationary phase: 2% squalane/diasolid M (40s60 mesh) 2 m packed column Column temperature: 80°Cs100°C Carrier gas: Nitrogen Gas flow rate: 20s30 ml/min Detector: Hydrogen flame ionization detector 3. Determination. After performing gas chromatography with the sampled gas, the detector response peak is measured. And then the concentration of the sampled gas is determined by reading the value of the response peak against the standard calibration curve of its equivalent gas.