Topic
Vapours
About: Vapours is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1153 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15022 citations.
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Several types of microelectronic devices such as interdigital structures, SAW-resonators, and ChemFETs were used for the development of chemical sensor systems for the detection of organic solvents and ammonia in the air and waste water as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Several types of microelectronic devices such as interdigital structures, SAW-resonators, and ChemFETs were used for the development of chemical sensor systems for the detection of organic solvents and ammonia in the air and waste water. The chemically sensitive coatings are based on reversible equilibria in which hydrophobic ions are involved. An incorporation of solvent vapours leads to a change of the ion concentrations. A large variety of pollutants such as alcohols, ketones, esters, and even aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons can be analyzed in this way.
Patent•
28 May 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a steam-reforming reaction is performed in a single step without coke formation, so that catalyst regeneration is avoided, and it is shown that the reaction can be performed in the presence of an O2-contg. gas, e.g. air, O2enriched air or O2.
Abstract: Fuel gas or synthesis gas contg. CO is produced by (a) processing crude coke-oven gas in a water-cooling circuit to condense out the tar and saturate the gas with H2O vapour; (b) mixing the coke-oven gas with the vapours from an ammonia stripper used to strip NH3 from the excess coolant water; and (c) catalytically steam-reforming the mixt. in the presence of an O2-contg. gas, e.g. air, O2-enriched air or O2. The steam-reforming reaction is effected in a single step without coke formation, so that catalyst regeneration is avoided.
04 Sep 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the impact of heated tobacco smoke on pulmonary homeostasis using in vivo exposure models and found that a large proportion of macrophages are loaded with lipid droplets in tobacco-exposed mice.
Abstract: Heating tobacco with an electric device is a new popular way of smoking, especially among young adults. The tobacco industry claims these products are less harmful as compared to conventional cigarettes. However, few independent studies have been performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of heated tobacco. Our aim is to explore the impact of heated tobacco smoke on pulmonary homeostasis using in vivo exposure models. Mice were exposed 5 days/week to vapours obtained using commercially available heated tobacco products (16 tobacco units/day for 3 weeks) and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were collected. We observed a morphological change in alveolar macrophages in heated tobacco-exposed mice as compared to sham-exposed mice. A large proportion of macrophages are indeed loaded with lipid droplets in tobacco-exposed mice. A flow cytometry study on BAL cells showed an increase in the amount of peroxidized lipids. In addition, increased production of IL-4 and IL-13 were measured when performing a cytokine profiling assay on BAL samples of exposed mice as compared to sham-exposed mice. Interestingly, the emergence of lipid-laden macrophages in the lung has often been linked to many respiratory diseases (interstitial lung diseases, asthma and COPD, …), as well as a larger susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. These data suggest that the daily exposure to vapours generated by heated tobacco products induces profound modifications of lung immune cells and further experiments are ongoing to evaluate the functional modifications induced by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages after exposure to heated tobacco products.
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The solid host compound 2,2'-bis (9-hy- droxy-9-fluorenyl)biphenyl 1 enclathrates organic solvent vapours such as acetone, methanol and 1-butanol to give stoichiometric inclusion complexes.
Abstract: The solid host compound 2,2'-bis (9-hy- droxy-9-fluorenyl)biphenyl 1 enclathrates organic solvent vapours such as acetone, methanol and 1-butanol to give stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), desorption enthalpies were estimated to 10-20 k J/tool, indicating weak host-guest interactions. Clathrate formations with acetone and methanol are reversible and reproducible, and show a de- pendence of the mass increase on the solvent concentra- tion in a gas flow. The application of host compound 1 as receptor layer can be important for the future develop- ment of mass sensors for the determination of organic solvent vapours.
Patent•
04 May 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a method for detecting combustible gases or vapours using a combustible gas sensor or pellistors is described, which includes the steps of keeping the sensor or the pellistor beads inactive until an oxygen sensor indicates a variation from a reference level of oxygen.
Abstract: A method for detecting combustible gases or vapours using a combustible gas sensor or pellistors includes the steps of keeping the combustible gas sensor or the pellistor beads inactive until an oxygen sensor indicates a variation from a reference level of oxygen, such variation representing the potential presence of combustible gases or vapours.