Topic
Vapours
About: Vapours is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1153 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15022 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the microregion theory of volatile retention in freeze-dried carbohydrate solutions was investigated and it was shown that those vapours which were adsorbed in significant amounts caused a partial release of entrapped propanol.
Abstract: Summary
Solutions of 1% 1-propanol and 20% maltose in water were freeze-dried under conditions resulting in retention of 69·5% of the propanol. The freezedried solutions were exposed to vapours of several organic compounds which varied in molecular size and polarity. Those vapours which were adsorbed in significant amounts caused a partial release of the entrapped propanol.
Heating the freeze-dried solutions in vacuum at temperatures of 37°G, 50°C, 65°C, and 82°C had no effect, but at 100°C a partial release of the propanol was achieved.
The results support the previously postulated microregion theory of volatile retention in freeze-dried carbohydrate solutions.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the phase formation behavior and microstructure evolution of the synthesized particles were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies, and it was observed that the nanocrystalline MZFO-based sensor is more sensitive to acetone than ethanol.
Abstract: In the present work, acetone and ethanol sensing characteristics of wet chemically prepared magnesium zinc ferrite (MZFO) nano-particles have been investigated. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies are carried out to know the phase formation behaviour and microstructure evolution of the synthesized particles. The gas sensing characteristics (response %, response time, recovery time, etc.) are estimated by varying the operating temperature of the sensor and concentrations of the test vapours. It is observed that the nanocrystalline MZFO-based sensor is more sensitive to acetone than ethanol. In addition, the sensor can detect even 10 ppm of acetone and ethanol vapours. The excellent repeatability of the sensing performances is verified by switching the sensor back and forth between air and test vapours.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the use of the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm within the framework of the Myers-Prausnitz theory provides a satisfactory description of the adsorption of mixtures of chlorobenzene + carbon tetrachloride vapours by active carbons.
Abstract: It is shown that the use of the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm within the framework of the Myers–Prausnitz theory provides a satisfactory description of the adsorption of mixtures of chlorobenzene + carbon tetrachloride vapours by active carbons. This approach can be extended to other systems and full use can be made of the advantages of Dubinin's theory. The experimental data was obtained by Headspace-GC, a rapid and reliable technique.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Graphite doped Calcium Hydroxyapatite (GHAp) nano ceramic materials are prepared by liquid phase reinforce process and six different composites of Graphite with variable weight concentrations doped in synthesized HAp are prepared for sensor material.
Abstract: Graphite doped Calcium Hydroxyapatite (GHAp) nano ceramic materials are prepared by liquid phase reinforce process. Six different composites of Graphite with variable weight concentrations doped in synthesized HAp are prepared for sensor material. Structural and morphological characterizations are performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental study involves detection of alcoholic vapours like methanol, ethanol, and propanol at lower concentration level (100 ppm). Sensing ability of these films is investigated in the presence of atmospheric air and alcoholic vapours individually and in the form of mixture using two probe methods. Further the sensing parameters like stability, repeatability, response/recovery time and maximum vapour detection limit are also studied. The experimental results for gas sensing characteristics of HAp and Graphite doped HAp material reveals the role of dopant in enhanced detection of volatile pollutant (VOCs). An addition of Graphite shows six times higher sensitivity for alcoholic vapours than the synthesized HAp. The quantity of Graphite as the doping material also makes a noticeable effect on sensing performance of the device studied here. Such sensor matrix can be incorporated to monitor alcoholic vapours, discharged in the environment with their meagre concentrations. The novelty of GHAp sensor material is in detecting all the vapours individually, when collectively present in the ambient air.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four volunteers were exposed dermally to styrene vapours within the concentration range of 1300 to 3200 mg/m3, and the increase in the levels of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine after exposure was strongly noticeable.
Abstract: Four volunteers were exposed dermally to styrene vapours within the concentration range of 1300 to 3200 mg/m3. The increase in the levels of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine after exposure was strongly noticeable. The dermal vapour absorption coefficient (α) was calculated: for styrene it was ca. 0.022 m3/h. It was calculated that the dermal absorption of the styrene vapours contributed about 5% to the amount absorbed in the respiratory tract under the same conditions.
31 citations