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Showing papers on "Vermiculite published in 2001"


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Feb 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ultrasound treatment on the mean particle size, crystal structure, crystallite dimensions in different directions, and specific surface area of the resulting particles is investigated, and conditions for the preparation of submicron vermiculite particles of narrow particle-size distribution by sonochemistry are described.
Abstract: The effect of ultrasounds on natural macroscopic vermiculite flakes has been studied. Conditions for the preparation of submicron vermiculite particles of narrow particle-size distribution by sonochemistry are described. The resulting material is crystalline, as assayed by X-ray diffraction. Effects of ultrasound treatment on the mean particle size, crystal structure, crystallite dimensions in different directions, and specific surface area of the resulting particles are investigated. Under the conditions used in this work, there is a practical limit at 40 h in the sonication time for the preparation of submicron particles; longer treatment times promoted aggregation.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used activated vermiculite for the assessment of the environmental impact of biodegradable polyurethane (PU) based plastic material and showed that the vermicule test method is also suitable to perform ecotoxicological studies.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determine the most appropriate method for measuring the natural cation exchange capacity (CEC) of forest soils using variations of three common methods: pH 7 buffered ammonium acetate (PBA), unbuffered 10, 05, and 01 M ammonium chloride, and compulsive exchange method using the original method and with magnesium chloride.
Abstract: Various methods have been proposed for assessing the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils A pH 7 buffered ammonium acetate solution is the most widely used method but its use for forest soils has been questioned as it may result in an overestimation of CEC in soils with pH dependent charges The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate method for measuring the natural CEC of forest soils using variations of 3 common methods These methods included: (1) pH 7 buffered ammonium acetate (2) unbuffered 10, 05, and 01 M ammonium chloride, and (3) the compulsive exchange method using the original method and with magnesium chloride The CEC of three reference materials (kaolinite, vermiculite and humified organic matter) was predetermined and used for comparison In addition, samples from the major genetic horizons of 8 soils from Washington State, USA, the North Island, New Zealand, and Indonesia were analyzed for CEC Results showed that the compulsive exchange method resulted in con

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a research-grade mica mineral, phlogopite, was studied using ferrous sulfate media that were inoculated with an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two native Brazilian orchid especies, Oncidium baueri and Maxillaria picta, were grown in different substrate mixtures, including de-fibered xaxim cubes, vermiculite, carbonized rice husk, and charcoal.
Abstract: Two native Brazilian orchid especies, Oncidium baueri and Maxillaria picta, were grown in different substrate mixtures. The plants were cultivated in ceramic pots in a greenhouse with 50% of shadind light and watered three times a week. The following substrates were used: 1) de-fibered xaxim; 2)xaxim cubes; 3) vermiculite; 4) carbonized rice husk; 5) charcoal; 6) charcoal + carbonized rice husk; 7) crocks; 8) vermiculite and charcoal; 9) vermiculite + carbonized rice husks; 10) extruded polystyrene + charcoal; 11) pine bark + charcoal + extruded polystyrene; 12) vermiculite + carbonized rice husks + extruded polystyrene + charcoal; 13) pine bark. The substrate ratio was 1:1 in the mixture. NPK 10-10-10 leaf fertilizer was applied every thirty days and castor bean cake and bone powder organic fertilizer were applied every ninety days. A randomized complete block design was used with 10 replications. Growth and rooting were assessed after eight months. The best alternative substrate to O. baueri was vermiculie and the best alternatives substrates to M. picta were vermiculite and charcoal and vermiculite + carbonized rice husks.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, experimental studies of repeated batch type Ba-K exchange were conducted with specimen muscovite and biotite and also on the mixture of the two micas.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a glasshouse experiment was conducted with 41 surface and 8 subsurface soils to measure their potassium (K) supply capacities and K depletion of soils by ryegrass growth for 260 days and harvesting at 40-day intervals.
Abstract: A glasshouse experiment was conducted with 41 surface and 8 subsurface soils to measure their potassium (K) supply capacities and K depletion of soils by ryegrass growth for 260 days and harvesting at ~40-day intervals. Dry matter yield ranged from 0.22 g to 25.4 g/kg soil, cumulative K uptake ranged from 0.006 to 1.49 cmol/kg soil, and values of K concentration (%) in the first cut herbage ranged from 0.40% to 5.97%. Some of the light-textured soils were so impoverished in K that symptoms of K deficiency appeared during the first growth period. Water-soluble K + exchangeable K accounted for 43–100% of cumulative K uptake by the ryegrass. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 68% of the variation in dry matter yield and 90% of the variation in K uptake may be predicted by the exchangeable K content of these soils. The 6 harvests of ryegrass extracted only 0.21–12.07% of total K from these soils, which was not sufficient to cause discernible mineralogical changes in most soils. For some soils vermiculite was formed at the expense of illite/mica by K release to plants. For soils containing vermiculite but no other K-bearing clay minerals, vermiculite peaks broadened on K depletion by plants. Major proportions of total K in these soils are present in silicate minerals, yet only minor amounts are released to plants by very slow weathering processes. For soils that do not contain any K bearing clay minerals, very minor amounts of feldspar may have dissolved to release K.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction between natural phlogopite, having the idealized formula KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, and phenylphosphonic acid under soft conditions (24 h, 80 °C, reflux) originated a new layered material of the following idealized composition as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The reaction between natural phlogopite, having the idealized formula KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, and phenylphosphonic acid under soft conditions (24 h, 80 °C, reflux) originated a new layered material of the following idealized composition: [Mg(H2O)2]0.5(AlSi3O6)(O3PC6H5)2·2H2O. The reaction mechanism involves the rupture of the trioctahedral layers of phlogopite and the formation of a new basal spacing of a hydrophobic type that is occupied by phenylphosphonic groups in a pseudomonomolecular arrangement. Simultaneously, the mobile K+ ions become partially substituted by [Mg(H2O)2]2+ groups, a hydrophilic space of the vermiculite type thus being obtained.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase history of alteration involving acidic weathering and alkaline metasomatism is suggested for the dioctahedral vermiculite and secondary Fe-rich phlogopite, respectively.
Abstract: Dioctahedral vermiculite occurs in an isolated metagabbro klippe (Kurancali Metagabbro) that belongs to the Central Anatolian Ophiolites from central Turkey. Both the metagabbro and the structurally underlying high-grade metamorphic rocks are intruded by granitic rocks. The Kurancali Metagabbro is characterized by its well-developed compositional layering, and the presence of vermiculitized phlogopite-rich layers. Petrographic and mineralogic studies show that the primary mineral phases in the host rock are diopside, tschermakitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and plagioclase. Secondary minerals are hornblende, actinolitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and vermiculite. A two-phase history of alteration involving acidic weathering and alkaline metasomatism is suggested for the dioctahedral vermiculite and secondary Fe-rich phlogopite, respectively. The alteration of phlogopite to dioctahedral vermiculite proceeded both along cleavage planes and at crystal edges. The vermiculite is colorless to pale yellow with weak pleochroism and shows optical continuity with the parent mineral. Vermiculite flakes, analyzed semi-quantitatively by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe (EMP), are characterized by partially expanded interlayers, K depletion, and Mg and/or Al enrichment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG) analyses indicate that phlogopite is not a pure phase, although it is the dominant one. The XRD patterns show the presence of both dioctahedral vermiculite having dehydrated interlayers and hydroxy-Al interlayers, and interstratified phlogopite-vermiculite. The transformation of phlogopite to vermiculite is thought to represent an initial stage of weathering in an acidic environment.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffraction simulations and fitting techniques show that the 28 A peak is related to 28 A domains consisting of elongated 2:1 layers of different lengths.
Abstract: Coarse-grained vermiculite from a serpentinite-pegmatite thermal zone displays a rational series of narrow 14.4 A basal reflections and an unusual broad 28 A peak. X-ray diffraction simulations and fitting techniques show that the 28 A peak is related to 28 A domains consisting of elongated 2:1 layers of different lengths. The domains are located at the crystal edges of the vermiculite.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the ion accumulation on cation exchange resin and the transformation of test vermiculite in situ have been used to identify current processes in acid forest soils, and they used such test materials to study weathering in a toposequence Dystric Luvisol-Spodo-Dystric Cambisol on loess under deciduous forest in Belgium.
Abstract: Both the ion accumulation on cation exchange resin and the transformation of test vermiculite in situ have been used to identify current processes in acid forest soils. We used such test materials to study weathering in a toposequence Dystric Luvisol-Spodo-Dystric Cambisol on loess under deciduous forest in Belgium. The resin and a trioctahedral vermiculite were inserted for 2 years in the major horizons, down to a depth of 60 cm. The cation accumulation on the resin revealed that four main acid-consuming systems are currently active in the toposequence. With decreasing acid neutralizing capacity, these systems are in the Luvisols: (i) the pool of exchangeable bases, (ii) the Al-bearing minerals controlling the Al concentration in the liquid phase; and in the podzolized Cambisols: (iii) the less weatherable K-bearing minerals, (iv) the Mg-bearing phyllosilicates made free of Al interlayers in complexing conditions. The loss of cation exchange capacity in the test vermiculite is related to Al interlayering. However, this process masks a significant interlayer accumulation of magnesium, which is generated by the weathering of the test mineral itself. The largest interlayer accumulation of Mg occurs in the podzolized Cambisol, suggesting more intense weathering of the test vermiculite in this soil.

Patent
15 Sep 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional fiber obtained by controlling a particle size of vermiculite and perlite powder with high porosity, mixing polyester, nylon, acryl, polyurethane or the like and spinning is provided, which has excellent heat retaining property, deodorizing property and far infrared radiation radiating characteristics
Abstract: PURPOSE: A functional fiber obtained by controlling a particle size of vermiculite and perlite powder with high porosity, mixing polyester, nylon, acryl, polyurethane or the like and spinning is provided, which has excellent heat retaining property, deodorizing property and far infrared radiation radiating characteristics CONSTITUTION: Sintered vermiculite and perlite powder with high porosity are mixed with polyester, nylon, acryl, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like and spun to produce functional fiber containing 005 to 5% by weight of vermiculite and perlite powder The obtained fiber is beneficial to health when used for clothing or bedclothes


Patent
05 Feb 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a treatment method of excretions/wastewater without production of by-product is provided, which comprises the sequential steps: (1) concentration that water is evaporated by heating; (2) mixing of excreions/Wastewater, sawdust/chaff, and thin-film expanded vermiculite; (3) fermentation of the above mixture; (4) separation of solid material and liquid from the fermented mixture.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a treatment method of excretions/wastewater without production of by-product. The excretions/wastewater is evaporated at 60-70deg.C under low vacuum pressure being -76mmHg in a concentration tank (20). And C/N ratio for fermentation is controlled at 25-35 by using sawdust, chaff, and rice straw as carbon source. Also, water content is controlled by vermiculite that is expandable thin-film. The vermiculite absorbs water of 300-500 wt.% based on the vermiculite weight. And, the vermiculite is porous, so the vermiculite is used as media for metabolism of microorganisms. Therefore, solid material is used as compost, and liquid is used as liquid manure without production of by-product. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the sequential steps: (1) concentration that water is evaporated by heating; (2) mixing of excretions/wastewater, sawdust/chaff, and thin-film expanded vermiculite; (3) fermentation of the above mixture; (4) separation of solid material and liquid from the fermented mixture.

01 May 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the amphibole is a richterite and the vermiculite is a winchite, and that the latter is more hazardous than the former.
Abstract: Introduction: Over the past year, tremoliteasbestos and vermiculite mining in Libby, Montana have gone from obscurity to the forefront of the national media. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer “broke” the story in November 1999 about the world’s largest vermiculite mine and the problems associated with its asbestos exposure. As the stories point out, several hundred miners, their families, and non-mining residents of Libby were affected, as were thousands of workers in the exfoliation plants where the vermiculite was heated (i.e., exfoliated) into the commercial product Zonolite. Millions of homeowners who have Zonolite in their attics as insulation were also exposed. It now appears that this form of asbestos is one of the most hazardous to date. Why? Geology and mineralogy: The former mine, which was in operation from 1923 to 1990, is located in an altered ultramafic body associated with a Cretaceous age syenite intrusion [1]. The intrusion consists of a ring dike with biotitite in its center surrounded by a biotite pyroxenite, and a pyroxenite with a width of 5-6 km. Some of the biotite is altered to vermiculite and the pyroxenes to amphiboles [2]. Amphibole-asbestos: There have been several studies of the composition of the vermiculite and pyroxenes at the mine [2], but only one analysis of an amphibole [3]. Even though the analysis showed that the amphibole is richterite (formula #1), most workers dealing with these samples still incorrectly refer to them as tremolite. Recently, two more analyses were performed [4] (#2, #3) on samples that turned out to be winchite. K0.32 Na0.31 Na1.08Ca0.92Mg4.57Fe 2+ 1.02Fe 3+ 0.50Mn0.01 Al0.04 Al0.08Si7.92O22(OH)2 #1 K0.13 Na0.16 Na0.72Ca1.25Mg4.25Fe 2+ 0.31Fe 3+ 0.40Mn0.01 Al0.06 Al0.02Si7.98O22(OH)2 #2 K0.14 Na0.27 Na0.67Ca1.33Mg4.43Fe 2+ 0.13Fe 3+ 0.37Mn0.04 Al0.01 Al0.06Si7.94O22(OH)2 #3 K0.20 Na0.00 Na1.16Ca0.84Mg3.86Fe 2+ 0.28Fe 3+ 0.72Mn0.02Ti0.03 Al0.10 Al0.08Si7.92O22(OH)2 #4 K0.26 Na0.11 Na1.02Ca0.98Mg3.81Fe 2+ 0.21Fe 3+ 0.49Mn0.02Ti0.05 Al0.29 Al0.00Si8.00O22(OH)2 #5 K0.21 Na0.02 Na0.95Ca1.05Mg4.11Fe 2+ 0.18Fe 3+ 0.56Mn0.01Ti0.03 Al0.11 Al0.02Si7.98O22(OH)2 #6 We have analyzed three more samples (#4-#6) and also found them to be winchite. Fe/Fe values in #1 are from wet chemistry, and in #2-#6 are by Mossbauer spectroscopy. These analyses assume that all the Fe in the samples is in the amphibole; however preliminary low temperature data suggest the possible presence of a very fine-grained (100 A scale) ferric oxide impurity. Winchite and richterite are not among the six regulated asbestos minerals. Clearly they should be, and ALL amphibole-asbestos should be regulated (i.e., we should regulate based on group and not species names). Amphibole-asbestos: But what is asbestos? Surprisingly, this question still does not have a good answer. Based on current OSHA regulations, any of the five regulated amphiboles (crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, actinolite and anthophyllite) are considered asbestos if they have an aspect ratio (i.e., length to width) of >3 and are >5 μm in length. In 1992, OSHA deregulated cleavage fragments regardless of their aspect ratio, based on health effects studies showing differences between fibers and fragments [5]. The table below gives particle counts for samples #4-#6 for approximately 900 particles using a polarized light microscope. We found that the samples were about 1/3 fibers (i.e., asbestos), 1/3 fragments and 1/3 undeterminable. #4 #5 #6 NIST

OtherDOI
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a preliminary report on the USGS' use of Stratigraphic Code (SC) data for the purpose of importing data to data base programs, but no guarantee, expressed or implied, is made by USGS as to how successfully or accurately the data can be imported into any specific application software running on any specific hardware platform.
Abstract: This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standards nor with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. Although these data have been used by the USGS and have been successfully imported into data base programs, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to how successfully or accurately the data can be imported into any specific application software running on any specific hardware platform. The fact of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption isotherms of nitrobenzene, 2-chlorophenol and 4-chloropropol from water on hydrophobic vermiculite were studied.
Abstract: The adsorption isotherms of nitrobenzene, 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol from water on hydrophobic vermiculite were studied. The excess isotherms were obtained by the immersion method. The basal spacings of the hydrophobic vermiculite organocomplexes in the adsorption equilibrium were determined by X-ray diffraction. By combining these two independent methods, the composition and the structure of the interlamellar space were evaluated. The free enthalpy of adsorption and the adsorption capacity were calculated by analyzing the adsorption isotherm on the basis of the Gibbs equation and by the Everett—Schay method.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the desulphurization stimulative capacities of vemiculite at different high temperatures and applied this mineral to the de-noising and dust clearing additives during coal combustion.
Abstract: Studies show that some special chemical and physical properties of environmental mineral materials can play an important role in reducing SO 2 and removing dust during the combustion of low rank coal. One of the most important aims of this paper is to study the mineralogical characteristics of vermiculite from vermiculite mill gangue and apply this mineral to the desulphurization and dust clearing additives during coal combustion. The authors studied the desulphurization stimulative capacities of vemiculite at different high temperatures. In this new kind of desulphurization additives, CaCO 3 is the main desulphurization composition, bentonite serves as adhesive, and vermiculite plays the inflation role. The new additive has high desulphurization ratio ranging from 71% to 97%. The desulphurization product-cinder-was investigated and studied by XRD, optic microscope, polariscope microscope, glistening microscope and SEM-EDX. The main compositions are SiO 2, CaSO 4, glass and oxides, which mainly contain iron. The content and shape of CaSO 4 are determined by coal types, combustion temperature, desulphurization additives content and types, etc. Desulphurization mechanisms of new additive made mainly of vermiculite are as follows: inflating of vermiculite at high temperature makes the inside of briquette looser, and more O 2 gas can permeate the outer part of briquette and enter the interior; high concentration of O 2 play an important role in forming CaSO 4 and restraining the decomposing of CaSO 4.

Patent
11 Jul 2001
TL;DR: A process for expanding vermiculite includes such steps as adding chemical reagent (vegetable oil or KNO3) for pre-treating and heating to 300-400 degC as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A process for expanding vermiculite includes such steps as adding chemical reagent (vegetable oil or KNO3) for pre-treating and heating to 300-400 degC Its advantages are low expanding temp and cost, and high effect

Patent
20 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a coagulation, flotation, and sorption is performed in activated aqueous air dispersion, to which fired vermiculite is added.
Abstract: waste water treatment. SUBSTANCE: method involves coagulation, flotation, and sorption. Flotation is performed in activated aqueous air dispersion, to which sorbent, in particular fired vermiculite is added. When waste water is treated to remove petroleum derivatives, weight ratio of vermiculite to the latter ranges between 1:1 and 1:15. Before firing, size of vermiculite should be at least 0.5 mm. Method allows creation of module installations and purification of water to oil levels below 0.05 mg/l. Method can be, in particular, applied at mining plants, in chemical industry, etc. EFFECT: enhanced oil removal efficiency. 3 cl, 1 tbl, 4 ex

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the organic vermiculite has been obtained by modifying with hexatrimethy lammonium (HDTMA) and the interaction of HDTMA with vermica includes ion exchange and molecular adsorption.

Patent
13 Feb 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the objective refractory is a heat insulating re-routing composition for spraying, which contains 5 to 30 pts. of ceramic fibers and 20 to 70 pts of vermiculite and 25 to 60 pts of alumina cement.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a refractory low in the rebound loss and good in the heat insulating property by incorporating ceramic fibers, vermiculite and alumina cement. SOLUTION: The objective refractory is a heat insulating refractory composition for spraying, which contains 5 to 30 pts.wt. ceramic fibers and 20 to 70 pts.wt. vermiculite and 25 to 60 pts.wt. alumina cement so that the total amount of the three components becomes 100 pts.wt. A portion of the alumina cement is preferably substituted with silica flower and/or sepiolite and CMC is preferably added in an amount of 0.05 to 2 wt.% expressed in terms of outer percentage. As the ceramic fibers, alumina fibers, mullite fibers, alumina-silica fibers or rock wool can be used. The suitable form of each fiber is granular cotton. It is preferable that the blending ratio of the ceramic fibers to the vermiculite is about 1:3 and the total blending amount of the ceramic fibers and the vermiculite is 40 to 70 wt.%.



Patent
15 May 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed composition of ores consisting of burned vermiculite having the particle diameter of 0.59 mm-7.93 mm undersize (according to the JIS standard sieve) and attapulgite or sepiolite with the particle size of 1.74 μm undersize at 1: 0.1-1 mixed weight ratio of the vermiculate to the attapulate or the sepiolites.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a mixed composition of ores exhibiting characteristics which are suitable for soil-improving materials, culture soil, etc. SOLUTION: This mixed composition of ores comprises burned vermiculite having the particle diameter of 0.59 mm-7.93 mm undersize (according to the JIS standard sieve) and attapulgite or sepiolite having the particle diameter of <=74 μm undersize (according to the JIS standard sieve) at 1:(0.1-1) mixed weight ratio of the vermiculite to the attapulgite or the sepiolite.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of heavy metal ions such as Cu 2+ 、Pb 2+ )、Cd 2+ on vermiculite was studied and it was shown that vermiculate has a stronge adsoreption capacity.
Abstract: The adsorption of heavy metal ions such as Cu 2+ 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ on vermiculite was studied. Results show that vermiculite has a stronge adsorption capacity .The process of adsorption is quick and pH value is the important factor in the adsorption. The mechanism of the adsorption of heavy metal ions onto vermiculite can be discribed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Ion exchange is the main kind of adsorption. Vermiculite was also applied to treat the electroplating wastewater and the result shows that vermiculite can be used to industry wastewater treatment.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, an exploratory investigation is carried out using the clay minerals (kaolinite and vermiculite) to test the feasibility of its using for decontamination purposes and volume reduction.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to establish the optimum conditions for the removal of some radioactive elements from their waste solutions. In this respect an exploratory investigation is carried out using the clay minerals (kaolinite and vermiculite) to test the feasibility of its using for decontamination purposes and volume reduction. The different parameters affecting the sorption capacity of the radioactive elements of Cs-134, Co-60 and Eu-(152+154) by the investigated clay minerals have been studied. The uptake of the metal ion was determined for clay mineral-cation solution system as a function of contact time, pH, metal ion concentration and presence of some competing cations. Sorption data have been interpreted in term of Freundlich equation. The presence of some organic complexing agents also affect the sorption process. The desorption of the investigated metal ions was also studied using different desorption solutions. The obtained data show that the clay mineral vermiculite can be considered as an efficient sorbent for metal cations from their aqueous solutions since the uptake efficiency is more than 90% for the three elements studied.

Patent
30 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a tree-planting base composition for filing porous concrete block is proposed. But the tree-plantings base composition is not suitable for tree planting, as it is unsuitable for the early introduction and fixing of vegetation.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a tree-planting base composition for filing porous concrete block which can inhibit a pH-increasing by free lime eluted from cement and supply a nitrogen source to plant, and which helps the early introduction and fixing of vegetation. CONSTITUTION: The tree-planting base composition for filing porous concrete block comprises 20-70 volume% of soil, 1-10 volume% of propylene amide-propenoate copolymer, and 20-79 volume% of ammonium sulfate-adsorbed vermiculite or ammonium sulfate-adsorbed pearlite. The ammonium sulfate-adsorbed vermiculite or ammonium sulfate-adsorbed pearlite is one that 0.1-1.0 wt.% of ammonium sulfate is adsorbed to vermiculite or pearlite, respectively. The block has a porosity of 20-40%, the size of 30-40 cm in width and 30-40 cm in length, and a thickness of 12-15 cm.