Showing papers on "Vertical mobility published in 2015"

A Summary of What We Know about Social Mobility

Abstract: Academic research on social mobility from the 1960s until now has made several facts clear. First, and most important, it is better to ask how the conditions and circumstances of early life constrain adult success than to ask who is moving up and who is not. The focus on origins keeps the substantive issues of opportunity and fairness in focus, while the mobility question leads to confusing side issues. Second, mobility is intrinsically symmetrical; each upward move is offset by a downward move in the absence of growth, expansion, or immigration. Third, social origins are not a single dimension of inequality that can be paired with the outcome of interest (without significant excluded variable bias); they are a comprehensive set of conditions describing the circumstances of youth. Fourth, the constraints of social origins vary by time, place, and subpopulation. These four “knowns” should inform any attempt to collect new data on mobility.

Urbanization, desurbanization and rural-urban communities in the face of growing horizontal mobility

Abstract: The article reveals some of the intricate relationships between urbanization at different stages, human horizontal (spatial) and partial vertical mobility, and changing ruralurban communities After reviewing the key ideas and schools of urban and urbanization studies, the authors examine the conceptual diversity and many-sided nature of deurbanization as a spatial, societal and cultural-mental transformation The controversial discourse of the latter, which often implies opposite approaches and phenomena, such as social lifting or downshifting, is stressed, along with the greater role of individual decisions Stronger social and spatial links between cities and rural areas in the globalizing world manifest themselves in the accelerated formation of the rural-urban continuum and through the growing recurrent spatial mobility of people Russia’s incomplete urbanization and polarization of its socio-economic space have created two massive opposite flows, ie the centrifugal seasonal dacha deurbanization and the centripetal labor migration of Russian villagers and small town dwellers towards large cities The two streams are interrelated, eg temporal urban work, and the lodging of Russian otkhodniks instead of resettling, leading to the prolongation of the life of peripheral localities where their families stay This habitability, in turn, facilitates the dacha development of small settlements The article considers the reasons for “guest work” in Russian cities and the variety of dachas, as well as their impact on both urban and rural lifestyles Mass movements of vacationers and workers and their two-house lives, sometimes balanced in time, complicates the knowledge of how many people actually live and work in the countryside, in small and big cities This is a serious obstacle to the adequate maintenance and development of Russia’s spaces, since local budgets are designed for permanent population alone – which in many places is partially true

Social mobility in globalization circumstances

Abstract: In recent years in Macedonia, there has been an accelerated social stratification. The lower stratum population is constantly increasing. Laeken poverty indicators based on the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (2010) the at-risk-of-poverty-rate for unemployed persons is 50.6%, while the at-risk-of-poverty-rate for employed persons is 9.9%. The pluralism of the ‘90s began with the ideals for equal opportunities but people are now desperate and they are struggling with their own illusions. Despite the fact that many are experiencing vertical mobility, this is more a result of changes in the employment structure rather than the existence of a high level of equal opportunities. On the other hand, globalization is urging geographical mobility at large, and this makes young generations migrate in larger cities and more developed countries. The inequalities between people are becoming more evident especially the new lifestyle of the rich stratum of the society such as politicians, businesspersons, real estate owners and traders. This paper deals with issues that concern movements of entire generations based on their education level and jobs they perform, in externally highly influenced environments. Women in Macedonia are increasingly enrolling at universities and this makes them competent for many professions. However, statistical indicators show that they are not yet present enough in managerial positions in various different institutions or on the highly paid jobs lists. The salary in Macedonia are low. Blau and Duncan (2005) assert the importance of mobility for understanding modern industrial society, particularly its stratified character Through statistical data, we will attempt to prove the above-mentioned approaches. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s2p150

Career Employability Development Through a Specialized Asset Management’s Degree: An Exploratory Analysis for a Chilean Program

Abstract: Asset Management as a growing discipline is being incorporated into the Chilean Industry, especially into the mining Industry; however, there is a need to provide the necessary skills and knowledge regarding these new positions. In that regard, since 2005 we have successfully incorporated a master’s program scheme entitled Master of Asset Management (MGA, currently in its 9th offering). Up to date, more than 300 postgraduate students from different industries have attended this MGA, becoming the leading program in Latin America. In the training field we have developed a Diploma on Asset Management (DGA—140 h). With the present study, we have analysed the students’ profiles to identify the industry distribution and, at the same time, to measure the extent to which the skilled labour (graduates) have moved between different job positions and/or companies, be it as a horizontal mobility (does not result in a change in the worker’s grading or status) or a vertical mobility (if it does). Additionally, we regularly test the influence of the market-value and scholastic and social dimensions of the human capital on the alumni. The scope is mainly the Chilean industry.