Showing papers on "Vinyl acetate published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic effect of palladium on the synthesis of vinyl acetate from ethylene has been studied, and it was shown that co-catalysts such as potassium or other alkali metals promote the abstraction of hydrogen from acetic acid and weaken palladium-oxygen bonds in dissociatively adsorbed acetic acids.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of particle formation in aqueous solutions of vinyl acetate is treated according to the Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (D.L.V.O.) theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids.
Abstract: The problem of particle formation in aqueous solutions of vinyl acetate is treated according to the Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (D.L.V.O.) theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids.
In the absence of surfactants, polymer particles are stabilised by ionic end-groups derived from persulphate initiator. Palit's dye partition method is used to determine the number of these end-groups and the amount of adsorbed sodium dodecyl sulphate which was used as emulsifying agent in some experiments; this enables the electrical forces of repulsion between particles to be calculated. The Hamaker constant which defines the magnitude of the van der Waals' forces of attraction between particles has been estimated for polyvinyl acetate. The dependence of the stability of the polymer dispersion formed on the concentrations of initiator, emulsifier, etc. is investigated; the observations accord with expectations on the basis of D.L.V.O. theory. It is shown that small particles are unstable with respect to coalescence with larger particles. The processes of polymerisation and particle growth are essentially independent in this system.
57 citations
TL;DR: The rates of production of volatile material from PVA, PVC and vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers, covering the entire composition range, have been compared using thermal volatilization analysis.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results obtained from DTA and DSC on annealing a number of glassy polymers which have been rapidly cooled from above the glass temperature and on slowly cooled samples of the same polymers are discussed in the context of the calorimetric observations.
Abstract: It has previously been shown that glassy poly(ethylene terephthalate) gives rise to endothermal peaks in DTA when annealed at temperatures near to the glass temperature. The present work describes results obtained from DTA and DSC on annealing a number of glassy polymers which have been rapidly cooled from above the glass temperature and on slowly cooled samples of the same polymers. The polymers which have been studied are: poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), atactic and isotactic polystyrene, bisphenol-A polycarbonate, poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate). In every case, evidence of structural reorganization is observed, and the rate at which this takes place is reported. Separate studies on poly(ethylene terephthalate) reflect density changes which also take place upon annealing. These results are discussed in the context of the calorimetric observations.
50 citations
Patent•
30 Mar 1970TL;DR: In this paper, the latex polymayers were described as PROTECTIVE SURFACE COATINGS and as VEHICLES for PAINT FORMULATIONS, with different classes of vehicles.
Abstract: LATEX POLYMERS COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF AN INTERPOLYMER SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTINGG OF (A) A COPOLYMER OF VINYL ACETATE AND VINYL HYDROLYZABLE SILANE AND (B) A TERPOLYMER OF VINLY ACETATE, AN ESTER, E.G. ACRYLIC ESTER, MALEIC ESTER OF FUMARATE ESTER, AND VINYL HYDROLYZABLE SILANE, AS WELL AS THE CROSSLINKED POLYMERS DERIVED THEREFROM, SAID LATEX POLYMERS HAVING UTILITY AS PROTECTIVE SURFACE COATINGS AND AS VEHICLES FOR PAINT FORMULATIONS.
45 citations
Patent•
06 May 1970
TL;DR: Aqueous latices comprising vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers are effective to laminate a film, web or other substrate to a second surface whereby the dried polymer film deposited by the latex unites the substrate to the second surface.
Abstract: Aqueous latices comprising vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers are effective to laminate a film, web or other substrate to a second surface whereby the dried polymer film deposited by the latex unites the substrate to the second surface
44 citations
Patent•
02 Dec 1970TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a composition for treating seeds comprising an aqueous emulsion of a substantially water-soluble neutralized copolymer of an Alpha, Beta -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a lower alkyl acrylate.
Abstract: Composition for treating seeds comprising an aqueous emulsion of a substantially water-soluble neutralized copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a lower alkyl acrylate and a crosslinked copolymer of vinyl acetate and a lower alkyl acrylate. These compositions enhance the germination of the seeds.
40 citations
37 citations
Patent•
17 Mar 1970
TL;DR: AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS and HEAT MELTING ADHESIVES COMPRISING SAME, WHICH Dispersion CONTAIN A COPOLYMER OF AT LEAST ETHYLENE and VINYL ACETATE whereIN the ETHYLene CONTENT is from 30 to 98% by weight, the copolymer HAVING BEEN PREPARED by a COPOYMERIZANTION PROCESS UTILIZING a PARTICULAR COMBINATION of NONIONIC EMULSIFIER, ANION
Abstract: AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS AND HEAT MELTING ADHESIVES COMPRISING SAME, WHICH DISPERSION CONTAIN A COPOLYMER OF AT LEAST ETHYLENE AND VINYL ACETATE WHEREIN THE ETHYLENE CONTENT IS FROM 30 TO 98% BY WEIGHT, THE COPOLYMER HAVING BEEN PREPARED BY A COPOLYMERIZANTION PROCESS UTILIZING A PARTICULAR COMBINATION OF NONIONIC EMULSIFIER, ANIONIC EMULSIFIER AND PROTECTIVE COLLOID.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the kinetics of the ceric ion-initiated graft co-polymerization of vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile to poly(vinyl alcohol).
Abstract: This paper describes the kinetics of the ceric ion-initiated graft co-polymerization of vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile to poly(vinyl alcohol). The graft copolymerization rate Rp was found to be first order with respect to the total concentration of the comonomer mixture [M], the concentration of vinyl alcohol repeating units [PVA], and the mole fraction of vinyl acetate in the comonomer feed mixture. Rp was independent of cerous ion. The grafting rate was independent of ceric ion above a ceric concentration of 0.0020 M but first order in ceric ion below that concentration. Rp initially increased rapidly with [H+] to a maximum and then decreased and levelled off at hgher [H+]. The rate of ceric ion disappearance was first order in [PVA], independent of [MI, and increased with increasing [H+] with a leveling off at high [H+]. A reaction mechanism.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of content and sequence distribution of residual acetyl groups in the polymer chain, and carbonyl content of polyvinyl alcohol, on the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate in the presence of PCA were investigated.
Abstract: The effects of content and sequence distribution of residual acetyl groups in the polymer chain, and carbonyl content of polyvinyl alcohol, on the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol were investigated.
Properties of modified polyvinyl alcohol grades as a protective colloid were also studied.
Results show that the viscosity, particle size, stability and the freeze-thaw stability of the emulsion are determined largely by the fine chemical structure of the polyvinyl alcohol used in the polymerisation.
Patent•
03 Sep 1970
TL;DR: In this article, an aqueous latex of a vinyl ester polymer is described which has the property of forming self-curing films without the use of an extraneous curing additive.
Abstract: An aqueous latex of a vinyl ester polymer is described which has the property of forming self-curing films without the use of an extraneous curing additive. The latex is useful as a binder, particularly for non-woven fibers, or for wood panel coating or textile coating. The polymer comprises a major proportion of a vinyl ester monomer, typically vinyl acetate, which is interpolymerized with ethylene, a minor amount of a synergistic combination of cross-linking reactive comonomers, typically Nmethylolacrylamide and diallyl maleate, and a cure-catalyzing amount of an ethylenically mono-unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid. The polymer is dispersed in an aqueous emulsion using an anionic or nonionic surfactant or mixtures thereof, typically a mixture of an alkaryl polyether alcohol and an alkali metal sulfosuccinate half ester of an ethoxylated alcohol.
TL;DR: In this paper, the compatibility of PVC with copolymers of butadiene with α-methylstyrene (A), butadienes with acrylonitrile (B) and ethylene with vinyl acetate (C) has been studied by viscometric examination of solutions in cyclohexanone.
Patent•
03 Sep 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, an aqueous latex of a vinyl ester polymer is described, which has the property of forming crosslinkable films upon the addition of an extraneous curing additive.
Abstract: An aqueous latex of a vinyl ester polymer is described which has the property of forming crosslinkable films upon the addition of an extraneous curing additive. The latex is useful as a binder, particularly for non-woven fibers, or for wood panel or textile coating. The polymer comprises a major proportion of a vinyl ester monomer, typically vinyl acetate, which is interpolymerized with polymerizable comonomers comprising a film-forming-temperature regulating amount of a comonomer, typically ethylene or an acrylate ester, and a minor amount of a synergistic combination of crosslinking reactive comonomers, typically diallyl maleate with N-methylolacrylamide. Treatment of the latex to reduce its pH, e.g., by addition of an acidic agent, imparts crosslinking activity to films prepared from the latex. The polymer is dispersed in an aqueous emulsion using an anionic or nonionic surfactant or mixtures thereof, typically a mixture of an alkaryl polyether alcohol and an alkali metal sulfosuccinate half ester of an ethoxylated alcohol.
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of a series of copolymers and the two homopolymers has been studied in tritoluyl phosphate solution and yields of acetic and hydrochloric acids have been measured and the ratio of the two products compared with that expected from the proportions of the monomers present.
Patent•
21 Aug 1970TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a scenario in which a TUFTED CARPET is back-stitched with a POLYMERIC MATERIAL CONTAINING A COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE and VINYL ACETATE.
Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO TUFTED CARPETS WHICH ARE BACKSIZED WITH A POLYMERIC MATERIAL CONTAINING A COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE AND VINYL ACETATE. IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE CARPET THE POLYMERIC COMPOSITION IS APPLIED TO THE BACK SIDE OF THE CARPET AS A HOT-MELT.
Patent•
22 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, not less than 5 MOL PERCENT of VINYL ACETATE and LAMINATED in a SANDWICH BETWEEN Two TRANSPARENT GLASS OR PLASTIC LAYERS PROVIDE LENSES with EXTREMELY RAPID COLOR Responses to INCIDENT LIGHT and Reversion to DARK-ADAPTED States.
Abstract: MERCURY THIOCARBAZONE COMPOUNDS DISPERSED IN A SOLIDIFIED PLASTICIZED RESIN COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF VINYL CHLORIDE COPOLYMERIZED WITH, E.G., NOT LESS THAN 5 MOL PERCENT OF VINYL ACETATE AND LAMINATED IN A SANDWICH BETWEEN TWO TRANSPARENT GLASS OR PLASTIC LAYERS PROVIDE LENSES WITH EXTREMELY RAPID COLOR RESPONSES TO INCIDENT LIGHT AND REVERSION TO DARK-ADAPTED STATES.
TL;DR: By combining the Hilbert-Johnson and vinylester interchange reactions, a new hybrid reaction has been developed for the convenient synthesis of N-vinylpyrimidinone and N-vineylpyridone monomers as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the force-area isotherms of ethylene-propylene copolymers grafted with vinyl acetate were verified experimentally using the Huggins equation.
TL;DR: In this article, a continuous stirred tank polymerization of vinyl acetate was investigated under conditions that promote branching and broadening of the molecular weight distribution, and the results showed that the distributions of polymers from continuous stirred reactors are broader than those from batch reactors, and are also highly branched.
Patent•
03 Apr 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a solvent-free coating composition for priming untreated polyolefin substrates is provided, comprising a resin of chlorinated polyolefins and acrylic copolymers.
Abstract: Coating composition for priming untreated polyolefin substrates is provided comprising a resin of chlorinated polyolefin and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer in a stable solvent system. Also composition for protective and decorative coatings for direct application to untreated polyolefin substrate, comprising a resin of chlorinated polyolefin and acrylic copolymers.
Patent•
18 Jun 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a wheel is impregnated by applying the mixture of liquid prepolymer and hardener (cross-linking agent) to one side of the wheel over the area to be applied, and a vacuum is applied to the wheel to draw the prepolymers into the wheel's pore volume.
Abstract: A porous vitreous bonded high-speed abrasive grinding wheel in which between about 95 percent and 100 percent of the pore volume of either the annular portion of the wheel adjacent to the wheel hole or the entire wheel is impregnated with either a thermoset epoxy resin which is a copolymer of a liquid epoxy prepolymer and an amine or organic acid anhydride, or, a thermoset unsaturated polyester resin which is a copolymer of a polyester prepolymer containing ethylenic unsaturation and an ethylenically unsaturated reactive diluent like styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, and the like. The wheel is preferably impregnated by applying the mixture of liquid prepolymer and hardener (cross-linking agent) to one side of the wheel over the area to be impregnated, preferably with a vacuum applied to one side of the wheel to draw the liquid prepolymer-hardener mixture into the pores of the wheel. Copolymerization (cross-linking) of the prepolymer-hardener mixture occurs in situ in the pores. The cross-linked epoxy or unsaturated polyester resin may form an internal bushing of solid resin with substantial radial impregnation into the wheel. In such cases, the prepolymerhardener mixture is introduced into the wheel hole around an arbor with a mold plate over both sides of the hole and extending radially along the wheel surfaces to the extent of desired penetration.
Patent•
03 Sep 1970
TL;DR: An AQUEOUS LATEX of a VINYL ESTER POLYMER is described in this article, which has the capability of self-curing without the use of an EXTRANEOUS CURING ADDITIVE.
Abstract: AN AQUEOUS LATEX OF A VINYL ESTER POLYMER IS DESSCRIBED WHICH HAS THE PROPERTY OF FORMING SELF-CURING FILMS WITHOUT THE USE OF AN EXTRANEOUS CURING ADDITIVE. THE LATEX IS USEFUL AS A BINDER, PARTICULARLY FOR NON-WOVEN FIBRES, OR FOR WOOD PANEL COATING OR TEXTILE COATING. THE POLYMER COMPRISES A MAJOR PROPORTION OF AVINYL ESTER MONOMER, TYPICALLY VINYL ACETATE, WHICH IS INTERPOLYMERIZED WITH POLYMERIZABLE COMONOMERS COMPRISING A FILM-FORMINGTEMPERATURE REGULATING AMOUNT OF A COMONOMER, TYPICALLY AN ACRYLATE ESTER, A MINOR AMOUNT OF CROSS-LINKING REACTIVE COMONOMERS, TYPICALLY N-METHYLOLCRYLAMIDE AND A CURE CATALYZING AMOUNT OF AN ETHYLENICALLY MONO-UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID. IN A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, A MINOR AMOUNT OF A SYUNERGISTIC, SECOND CROSS-LINKING AGENT IS USED AS DIALLYL MALEATE. THE POLYMER IS DISPERSED IN AN AQUEOUS EMULSION USING AN ANIONIC OR NONIONIC SURFACTANT OR MIXTURES THEREOF, TYPICALLY A MIXTURE OF AN ALKARYL POLYETHER ALCOHOL AND AN ALKALI METAL SULFOSUCCINATE HALF ESTER OF AN ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL.
Patent•
19 Oct 1970
TL;DR: Vibration damped sandwich systems having an improved damping effect within a broad range of temperature and consisting of hard plates and a vibration damping interlayer, said interlayer comprising a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid.
Abstract: Vibration damped sandwich systems having an improved damping effect within a broad range of temperature and consisting of hard plates and a vibration damping interlayer, said interlayer comprising a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of heterogeneous distribution of residual acetyl groups in PV-OAc and effect of branching of PV-OH on the emulsion was discussed. But the authors did not consider the effects of branching on the polyvinyl alcohol (PV-OH).
Abstract: Polyvinyl acetate (PV-OAc) emulsions made from vinylacetate (V-OAc), using polyvinylalcohol(PV-OH) as the protective colloid, have different viscosities depending on the degree of interaction between the aqueous solution of V-OAc and PV-OH. This interaction increased when the PV-OH samples, prepared by addition of various amounts of benzene to a methanolic solution of PV-OAc, had a higher content of residual acetyl groups with a more blocklike distribution. The mechanism of heterogeneous distribution of residual acetyl groups in PV-OH and effect of branching of PV-OH on the PV-OAc emulsion are also discussed.
Patent•
14 Sep 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a colloquial co-collaboration of solid partitions of an Interpolymer in which at least 95% of the soliders have diameters of less than 0.1 micron.
Abstract: AQUEOUS COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES OF AN INTERPOLYMER IN WHICH AT LEAST 95 PERCENT BY NUMBER OF SAID PARTICLES HAVE DIAMETERS OF 0.1 TO 0.01 MICRON, AND SAID INTERPOLYMER HAS A WEIGHT AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AT LEAST 10,000 AND CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF 20-99 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF METHYL METHACRYLATE, 0-75, PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ESTER SELECTED ROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYL ACRYLATES HAVING 4 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS AND ALKYL METHACRYLATES HAVING FROM 6 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS, 0-40 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COPOLYMERIZABLE MONOMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF STYRENE, VINYL ACETATE, VINYL FLUORIDE, VINYL CHLORIDE, VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE AND VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, AND ACID SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 1-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ACRYLIC ACID, 108 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF METHACRYLIC ACID, 4-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF MALEIC ACID, AND 4-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ITACONIC ACID. THESE DISPERSIONS ARE PREPARED BY ADDING TO A MIXTURE OF WATER AND SOLID PARTICLES OF SAID INTERPOLYMER (A) 30-150 PERCENT OF THE STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNT OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE REQUIRED TO NEUTRALIZE THE ACID PRESENT IN SAID INTERPOLYMER AND (B) WHEN THE SECOND ORDER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE INTERPOLYMER IS ABOVE 35*C., AN AMOUNT OF UP TO 1 PART PER PART BY WEIGHT OF SAID INTERPOLYMER, EFFECTIVE TO RENDER SAID INTERPOLYMER COLLOIDALLY DISPERSIBLE, OF A LIQUID ORGANIC COMMINUTION AGENT WHICH IS CAPABLE OF AT LEAST SWELLING THE INTERPOLYMER PARTICLES AND IS INERT TOWARD THE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, AND VIGOROUSLY AGITATING THE RESULTING MIXTURE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 40-100*C. UNTIL A REDUCTION IN THE SIZE OF THE INTERPOLYMER PARTICLES TAKES PLACE SUCH THAT AT LEAST 95 PERCENT BY NUMBER OF SAID PARTICLES HAVE DIAMETERS OF LESS THAN 0.1 MICRON.
TL;DR: The mechanism of the hydrogenation of quinone, allyl alcohol and vinyl acetate in acidic aqueous solutions on Pt and Pd-Ag as catalysts has been investigated in this article.
Patent•
04 Sep 1970
TL;DR: A glass coating composition comprising 30 to 57 parts by weight of a butylated urea formaldehyde, 10 to 35 parts of a partially hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride was used in the application of decorative coatings to glass articles and the like, including various types of electrical lamps as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A glass coating composition comprising 30 to 57 parts by weight of a butylated urea formaldehyde, 10 to 35 parts by weight of a partially hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, and 27 to 45 parts by weight of a hydrogenated furfuraldehyde ketone useful in the application of decorative coatings to glass articles and the like, including various types of electrical lamps wherein a colorful effect is obtained.
TL;DR: In this article, it has been found that the addition of a methanol solution containing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and iodine to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide results in a red-violet color without precipitating any polymer.
Abstract: It has been found that the addition of a methanol solution containing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and iodine to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide results in a red-violet color without precipitating any polymer. The absorption maximum was located at 510 mμ. The absorbance of the PVAc-iodine complex decreased only slightly with an increase in the degree of the polymerization of PVAc. A linear relationship was obtained between the abosrbance and the PVAc concentration. It was found from these results that the color reaction of PVAc with iodine can be used in a colorimetric determination of PVAc, which is insoluble in water. Further, an attempt was made to investigate the complex formation of the vinyl acetate-vinyl propionate copolymer (PVAc-PVPr) and the vinyl acetate-vinyl formacetal copolymer (PVAc-PVFA) with iodine. Although the absorption maximum of the color complex of PVAc-PVPr with iodine appeared at 510 mμ, independent of the copolymer composition, the absorbance decreased with an increase in the...