Showing papers on "Vinyl acetate published in 1972"

Hair lacquer and wave setting compositions containing vinyl acetate-crotonic acid-containing polymers

Abstract: Copolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and an unsaturated ester or ether are employed in cosmetic compositions for the hair

The plasma polymerization of vinyl monomers. I. The design, construction, and operation of an inductively coupled plasma generator and preliminary studies with nine monomers

Abstract: An apparatus was constructed which would allow vinyl-type monomers (and others) to polymerize at ambient temperatures in the presence of an inductively coupled RF field. The details of the construction of the system are reported along with preliminary results obtained from nine monomers: styrene, methylvinyldichlorosilane, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, ethylene, and 1,3-butadiene.

Laminar packaging film

Abstract: A LAMINAR, SEALABLE, PACKAGING MATERIAL OF AT LEAST THREE LAYERS COMPRISING A BLEND OF ETHYLENE/VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER WITH A SECOND ETHYLENE/VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER OR POLYBUTENE-1; A HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; AMD A BLEND OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE, THE LAYERS BEING BONDED TOGETHER IN THE ORDER SPECIFIED ALSO PROVIDED ARE PACKAGES PREPARED FROM THE LAMINAR STRUCTURE

Salt effect on gel permeation chromatography of partially charged polymers

Abstract: The effect of the addition of 0.1M LiBr to dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions of charged and uncharged polymers has been studied by GPC and [η] measurements. LiBr has a salting-out effect on polyacrylonitrile (with (PAN-S) and without (PAN) sulfonate sulfur), polystyrene (PS), and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), which is seen by a decrease in [η] and an increase in the GPC retention time. The increase in retention time is, however, abnormally high for charged polymers. Association in PAN and PAN-S solutions in DMF can explain the experimental observations.

Long branching in poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl alcohol). III. Kinetic study of the branching reaction in the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate

Abstract: The branching reaction in the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate was studied kinetically. Branching occurs by polymer transfer as well as terminal double-bond copolymerization. The chain-transfer constants to the main chain (Cp,2) and to the acetoxy methyl group (Cp,1) on the polymer were calculated on the basis of the experimental data described in the preceding paper giving Cp,2 = 3.03 × 10−4, Cp,1 = 1.27 × 10−4 at 60°C, and Cp,2 = 2.48 × 10−4, Cp,1 = 0.52 × 10−4 at 0°C. Chain transfer to monomer is important with respect to the formation of the terminal double bond. The total values of transfer constants to the α- or β-position in the vinyl group and the acetoxymethyl group in vinyl acetate was determined to be 2.15 × 10−4 at 60°C. The transfer constant to the acetyl group in the monomer (Cm,1) was also evaluated to be 2.26 × 10−4 at 60°C from the quantitative determination of the carboxyl terminals in PVA. These facts suggest that the chain-transfer constant to the α- or β-position in the monomer (Cm,2) is nearly equal to zero within experimental error. Copolymerization reactivity parameters of the terminal double bond were also estimated. In conclusion, it has become clear that the formation of nonhydrolyzable branching by the terminal double-bond reaction can be almost neglected, and hence that the long branching in PVA is formed only by the polymer transfer mechanism. On the other hand, a large number of hydrolyzable branches in PVAc are prepared by the terminal double-bond reaction rather than by polymer transfer.

Shampooer with rotary foam generating means anti-thrombogenic polymer compositions with internally bound heparin

Abstract: 1. AN ANTI-THROMBOGENIC POLYMER COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF WATER-INSOLUBLE CATIONIC COPOLYMERS HAVING MONOMER UNITS COMPRISING (I) HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS, (II) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPONENTS, (III) HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS, AND HEPARIN INTERNALLY BOUND THEREIN, AND HAVING A NEGATIVE STANDARD MEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, SAID MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING THE HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS (I) BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACRYLIC ACID, METHACRYLIC ACID (MA), A SALT OF MA, AN AMIDE OF MA, AN ALKYLENE GLYCOL ADDUCT OF MA AND VINYLPYRIDINE, THE MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING SAID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT COMPONENTS (ii) BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DIALKYLDALLYL AMMONIUM HALIDE OR (H2C=C(-R)-COO-(CH2)N-N(-R1)(-R2)-R3)(+) X(-) (WHEREIN N=2 OR 3, R=H OR A HYDROCARBON RADICAL, R1, R2, R3=A HYDROCARBON RADICAL AND X=AN ANIONIC GROUP ABLE TO FORM A SALT WITH AN AMINE NITROGEN, SUCH AS A HALOGEN), AND SAID MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING SAID HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACRYLIC ACID ESTER, METHACRYLIC ACID ESTER, ACRYLONITRILE, VINYL ACETATE, VINYL CHLORIDE, STYRENE, A-METHYL STYRENE, VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE, ETHYLENE, PROPYLENE AND BUTADIENE, SAID WATER-INSOLUBLE CATIONIC COPOLYMERS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A PRECENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID HYDROPHILIC COMPONENT (I), (WHERE 30%$A$2%), B PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT COMPONENTS, AND C PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS (III) (WHEREIN 40%$C$2% AND 50%$A+C$10%), (WHERE C+A+B=100%).

Preparation and formulation of polyurethane foams

Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A POLYURETHANE WHICH COMPRISES (1) CHEMICALLY REACTING (A) AN ORGANIC POLYISOCYANATE AND (B) A COPOLYMER SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF A COPOLYMER OF A LOWER ALKYL ACRYLATE OR METHACRYLATE WITH A POLYALKYLENE ETHER ITACONATE HAVING AN EQUIVALENT WIEHGT OF ABOUT 100 TO 3000 PER HYDROXYL GROUPS ANOF CON AINING ONE TO THREE HYDROXYL GROUPS PER MOLECULE; A COPOLYMER OF STYRENE WITH A POLYALKYLENE ETHER ITACONATE HAVING AN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF ABOUT 100 TO 300 PER HYDROXYL GROUP CONTAINING ONE TO THREE HYDROXYL GROUPS PER MOLECULA; AND A COPOLYMER OF A VINYL COMPOUND SELECTED FROM VINYL CHLORIDE, VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE AND VINYL ACETATE WITH A POLYALKYLENE ETHER MALEATE HAVING AN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF ABOUT 100 TO 3000 PER HYDROXYL GROUP AND CONTAINING ONE TO THREE HYDROXYL GROUPS PER MOLECULE; AND (2) RECOVERING A POLYURETHANE OF IMPROVED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDING INCREASE TENSIILE STRENGTH INCREASED MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AND INCEASED SOLVENT RESISTANCE.

Intrauterine device for managing the reproductive process

Abstract: Drug-delivery device for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time is comprised of a shaped body of polymeric material containing a pharmaceutically acceptable drug and permeable to passage of the drug by diffusion. The polymeric material is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 4 to 80% by weight and a melt index of about 0.1 to 1000 grams per 10 minutes.

Process for the preparation of stable aqueous copolymer dispersions of vinyl esters and ethylene

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF STABLE, AQUEOUS COPOLYMER DISPERSIONS OF ETHYLENE AND VINYL ESTERS, PARTICULARLY VINYL ACETATE, CONTAINING FROM 5 TO 50% BY WEIGHT OF ETHYLENE BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF REDOX CATALYST, PROTECTIVE COLLIODS AND/OR EMULSIFIERS, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE MONOMER TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE REDUCING AGENT IS CHARGED TOGETHER WITH AUXILIARY AQUEOUS DISPERSION AGENTS. THEN A PEROXIDE COMPONENT IS DOSED-IN SO THAT A CONSTANT POLYMERIZATION TEMPERATURE IS MAINTAINED BETWEEN 0 AND 100* C. AND THE COOLING CAPACITY OF THE REACTION VESSEL IS UTILIZED.

Semi-conducting polymer system comprising a copolymer of ethylene-ethylarcralate or vinyl acetate,ethylene-propylene-termonomer and carbon black

Abstract: Semi-conducting compositions of (i) a copolymer of ethyleneethyl acrylate or ethylene-vinyl acetate, (ii) an ethylenepropylene-termonomer elastomer, and (iii) a conducting carbon black.

The grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cotton by tri‐n‐butylborane

Abstract: Methyl Methacrylate was grafted onto cotton by tri-n-butylborane in the presence of water. No graft was obtained in organic solvents, i.e., in the absence of water. The percentage of grafting increased with increases in reaction time, cotton amount, and initiator concentration. Pretreatment of cotton with pyridine also enhanced the percentage of grafting. Glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate were grafted onto cotton by tri-n-butylborane, while no grafting occurred when vinyl acetate and 4-vinyl pyridine were used. Usual radical initiators, such as azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide/dimethyl-p-toluidine, were not effective under the same conditions.

Acid zinc electroplating

Abstract: Brightening additives for acid zinc electroplating baths and processes are provided. The additive is an acrylate selected from the group consisting of (1) an acrylate monomer of the general formula: WHEREIN R is methyl or hydrogen, R'' is alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, N IS A POSITIVE WHOLE INTEGER OF 1 TO 3, INCLUSIVE, R'''' is alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, -CH2CH CH2, -CH2C*CH, -CH2COOCH3, -CH2COOC2H5, -CH2COR where R is as defined above, CH2CONH2, -CH2CN, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2COO or -CH2CH2CH2SO3 , and X is CH3SO4 , C2H5SO4 , halide or is absent when R'''' is CH2CH2COO or -CH2CH2CH2SO3 ; (2) a homopolymer of said acrylate monomer and (3) a copolymer of said acrylate monomer with at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and alkyl ester of said acid wherein the alkyl group is from one to four carbon atoms, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl sulfone and vinyl pyridine, the molar ratio of said acrylate monomer to said vinyl monomer being within the range of 0.9:0.1 to 0.1:0.9.

Study of dynamic mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)–ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and poly(vinyl chloride)–chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer mixtures

Abstract: The compatibility of the mixtures poly(vinyl chloride)—ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and poly(vinyl chloride)—chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was studied by the method of dynamic mechanical testing. The character of G′ and G″ was confronted with the Takayanagi model. In all cases a limited compatibility of the components was observed.

Long branching in poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl alcohol). II. Polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)

Abstract: It is a common view that poly(vinyl acetate) has many branches at the acetyl side group, but that the corresponding poly(vinyl alcohol) has little branching. In order to study the branching in poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl alcohol) which is formed by chain transfer to polymer, the polymerization of 14C-labeled vinyl acetate in the presence of crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate), which was able to be decrosslinked to give soluble polymers, was investigated at 60°C and 0°C. This system made it possible to separate as well as to distinguish the graft polymer from the newly polymerized homopolymer. Furthermore, the degree of grafting onto the acetoxymethyl group and onto the main chain were estimated. It became clear that, in the polymerization of vinyl acetate, chain transfer to the polymer main chain takes place about 2.4 times as frequently at 60°C as that to the acetoxy group and about 4.8 times as frequently at 0°C.

Sizing of glass fibers using aqueous dispersions of film-forming copolymer of 90 percent by weight vinyl acetate with quaternary ammonium salt derivative of acrylic acid comonomer

Abstract: This invention is concerned with coating Glass Fibers with size and is also concerned with the provision of an improved size composition for use in carrying out the coating step We provide an aqueous size composition including a polymer dispersion of cationic character, at least 90% of the polymer being formed from units derived from vinyl acetate The cationic character of the polymer dispersion is formed during preparation of the polymer dispersion by emulsion polymerization

Tubing for cryogenic use

Abstract: Tubing suitable for cryogenic use is disclosed. The tubing, which is composed of a copolymer of ethylene with either vinyl acetate or ethyl acrylate, has dimensions such that the ratio of the outside diameter to the inside diameter of the tubing is at least about 1.5.

Hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives

Abstract: HOT MELT PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE COMPRISING (A) A POLYAMIDE RESIN, (B) A TACKIFIER, AND EITHER OR BOTH OF (C) A FURTHER POLYAMIDE OR POLYESTER AMIDE WHICH FUNCTIONS TO RETAIN TACK IN THE ADHESIVE OR (D) AN ETHYLENE/ VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER. POLYAMIDE (A) COMPRISES ETHYLENE DIAMINE, CERTAIN ETHER DIAMINES, AND A POLYMERIC FATTY ACID. PREFERRED TACKIFIERS (B) ARE THE COLOPHONIUM RESINS, COMPONENT (C) IS FORMED BETWEEN A POLYAMINE OR HYDROXYLAMINE AND A POLYMERIC FATTY ACID.

Oxidation by Transition Metal Complexes. V. Oxidation of Vinyl Esters Catalyzed by Rhodium Complex.

Abstract: The oxidation of styryl acetate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, methyl acrylate, and methyl cinnamate with RhCl(PPh3)3 catalyst has been studied. The reaction is remarkably affected by the substituent on an olefinic carbon atom. The oxidation mechanism was discussed in connection with decarbonylation.

Polymer particle formation in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

Abstract: Equipment has been designed and assembled in such a way that direct microscopic observation of polymer particle formation in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate is possible. The apparent mode of transformation from monomer droplets into polymer particles has thus been studied under two sets of conditions: (1) with agitation and (2) without agitation. In both cases, as the initial vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride ratio was raised, the apparent change in the shape and transparency of particles occurring during the course of polymerization became less evident. In vinyl chloride homopolymerization and vinyl acetate–vinyl chloride copolymerization with relatively high vinyl chloride concentrations, the polymer particles burst during the course of polymerization. Some factors which affect the change in the size of particles are also discussed.

Homogeneous mixtures of polyamides and hydroxyl-containing polyolefines

Abstract: The invention relates to homogeneous injection mouldable compositions which comprise 70 to 99.9 percent by weight of a polyamide and 0.1 to 30 percent by weight of a hydroxylcontaining polyolefine. Saponified copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate are suitable for use as hydroxyl-containing polyolefines.

Iodine Reaction of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fractionated by Foaming

Abstract: It has been confirmed that foam fractionation of an aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) solution produced PVAs with different reactivity in the PVA–iodine reaction, namely the color intensity decreased with increase in the fraction number. This result was found not only with a PVA derived from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), but also with a specimen derived from cationically polymerized poly(vinyl trimethylsilyl ether)(poly(VOSi)). Particularly in the case of PVA obtained from PVAc (DP, 1652, and syndiotacticity, 50.0% in dyad), the variation of color intensity among the fractions cannot be explained by any one of the structural factors such as molecular weight, the 1,2-glycol structure, stereoregularity, and the carbonyl group in the main chain. Therefore another molecular structure, for example short branching, which will affect the PVA–iodine reaction and the foam fractionation, should be considered. The result also indicates the homogeneity of PVA from PVAc with respect to stereoregularity and the 1,2-glycol structure contents. In the case of PVA obtained from poly(VOSi)(DP, 1496, and syndiotacticity, 37.5% in dyad), the fractionation with respect to stereoregularity has occurred; syndiotacticity of PVA contained in foam layers was higher than that in the residual solution. This result indicates that the PVA derived from poly(VOSi) consisted of stereoblock and/or a mixture of PVA of different tacticity.

Process for the regeneration of plastics

Abstract: The process for regenerating waste plastics by mixing the waste plastics with an ether-type polyester and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, an ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer or a tacky polyolefin; and if necessary a foaming agent, and then molding the mixture into a desired shape.

Molding compositions based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and pitch

Abstract: Molding compositions based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and pitch comprising a content of A. from 20 percent to 70 percent by weight of a coal tar pitch having a softening point of from 80 DEG to 200 DEG C (DIN 1995) B. from 10 to 75 percent by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of from 30 to 80 percent by weight of the copolymer, and C. from 5 to 50 percent by weight of a thermoplastically shapable polymer having a freezing temperature of below -30 DEG C.

Process for the preparation of paper coating compositions

Abstract: IN PAPER COATING COMPOSITIONS, SYNTHETIC RESIN DISPERSIONS OF THE BASIS OF VINYL ACETATE/ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS WHICH MAY CONTAIN A MINOR PROPORTION OF FURTHER COMONOMERS, SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID ESTERS OR AMIDES, DIENES, CROSSLINKING AGENTS, CAN BE COMBINED WITH WATER-SOLUBLE BINDERS, SUCH AS STARCH, CASEIN, AND POLYVINYL ALCOHOL. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY ADDING TO THE DISPERSIONS AFTER THE POLYMERIZATION, OR TO ANY ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE COATING COMPOSITION IN THE COURSE OF ITS PREPARATION, A NON-IONIC WETTING AGENT WHICH IS A POLYETHYLENE OXIDE OR A POLYPROPYLENE OXIDE, OR BLOCK COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE OXIDE AND PROPYLENE OXIDE, OR AN OXETHYLATED ALKYL PHENOL OR ALCOHOL OR ACID, OR A GRAFT POLYMER OF VINYL ACETATE AND CERTAIN OTHER MONOMERS ON POLYETHYLENE OXIDE. THE RESULTING COATING COMPOSITIONS EXHIBIT A HIGH PIGMENT CONTENT AT A RELATIVELY LOW VISCOSITY.

Process for producing an alkenyl alkanoate from an olefin and a carboxylic acid

Abstract: In a process for producing an alkenyl carboxylate, such as vinyl acetate, by reacting a carboxylic acid catalytically with an olefin in the presence of molecular oxygen under conditions which are maintained on the fuel-rich or oxygen-poor side of the explosive range, the lower limit of allowable oxygen concentration in the mixed reactants is increased, facilitating operation at increased oxygen concentration with resulting increase in reaction conversion rate, by incorporating a lower alkane, especially methane or ethane, into the mixture of gases being introduced into the reaction zone.

Solution properties of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers

Abstract: High-pressure ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers of four different chemical compositions(9%, 15%, 45%, and 70% VA) were characterized to determine molecular weight and distribution. The four samples were fractionated by solvent–nonsolvent precipitation methods. Light-scattering, osmometry, and viscosity measurements were made on these fractionated copolymers to determine weight-average molecular weight , number-average molecular weight , molecular size in solution, and interaction constants. Dilute solution viscosity was measured on the fractions to determine intrinsic viscosity and Huggins' constant k′. Viscosity–molecular weight equations were established for the four copolymer compositions. The log intrinsic viscosity versus log molecular weight diagrams were analyzed and the average length of branches calculated. The composition of the polymer fractions, determined by C and H combustion analysis, was found not to vary significantly with molecular weight. The uniformly random character of the E/VA copolymers was thereby confirmed. The density of the fractions was determined by density-gradient column method. Chain sequence distribution of monomer units for the four copolymers was calculated by using IBM 704 computations involving the actual monomer reactivity ratios. Long sequences of either ethylene or vinyl acetate are improbable, except at the extremes of copolymer composition.

A Dilatometric Study of Compatible Polymer Mixtures

Abstract: Polymer mixtures of poly(vinyl nitrate) (PVONO2), and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVOAc), which had previously been concluded to be compatible with each other, were investigated by the dilatometric method. As a result, a characteristic behavior of the mixtures was observed. Each mixture showed a single glass-transition temperature (Tg) over the whole range of composition; this temperature was higher than those of pure polymers in the middle region of composition. The transition temperatures of the mixtures obeyed a modified Gordon-Taylor expression. The thermal expansion coefficients of the mixtures are discussed in relation to the effect of blending.