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Showing papers on "Viremia published in 1969"





Journal ArticleDOI
03 Mar 1969-JAMA
TL;DR: "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis" developed in one patient after renal transplantation, and high antibody titers developed, and CMV appeared in the urine and saliva, while the blood became negative.
Abstract: "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis" developed in one patient after renal transplantation. The virus was isolated from the patient's blood on two occasions, one month apart, during the period of atypical lymphocytosis. High antibody titers subsequently developed, and CMV appeared in the urine and saliva, while the blood became negative. It is possible that the transplanted kidney was the source of the infecting CMV, in addition to transfused blood or exacerbation of a latent infection.

20 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: Viremia with JE virus was not detected so easily and its titer was not so high when the virus was inoculated subcutaneously in 3-week-old mice, and the occurrence of viremia was regulated by the ability of the virus to produce circulating interferon.
Abstract: Summary Viremia with JE virus and its relationship to pathogenicity were studied in mice. The degree of viremia and susceptibility to peripheral infection decreased with age. Mice became markedly resistant to JE virus infection between 1 and 2 weeks of age. A viremia-positive (V + ) variant was isolated by rapid blood-to-blood passages of the Mukai strain in 1-week-old mice. This strain causes the highest viremia with JE virus ever reported in 3-week-old mice. The maximal titer was about 10 3 PFU/ml of blood when 30 PFU were inoculated subcutaneously. In general, viremia with JE virus was not detected so easily and its titer was not so high when the virus was inoculated subcutaneously in 3-week-old mice. There was a proportional relationship between the occurrence of viremia and pathogenicity. The V + variant showed 100-fold higher pathogenicity in peripheral infections and 10-fold higher in intracerebral infection than the wild type (V - ) virus in 3-week-old mice. The causal relationship between the occurrence of viremia and the production of circulating interferon was studied. V - virus produced more interferon in the blood of mice than the V + virus, whereas the titer of viremia was higher with the V + variant than with V - virus. So the occurrence of viremia was regulated by the ability of the virus to produce circulating interferon. No difference was found in sensitivity to interferon between V + and V - virus.

11 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The cell-mediated immunity to LCM virus after primary vaccination develops almost synchronously with the humoral response, and during the first weeks of their development, a clear-cut dissociation of the immune responses may be found.
Abstract: Summary The immune response in the mouse to LCM virus has been studied by measuring the CF-antibody titers and the elimination of viremia in syngeneic tolerant virus-carrier mice after adoptive immunization. This latter phenomenon has previously been shown presumably to be the expression of a specific cell-mediated immunity to the virus. With regard to the humoral response in the adult mouse, it is shown that CF antibodies are formed by the end of 1 week after primary vaccination with LCM virus. They rapidly increase to titers which adjust to a constant level, presumably for the rest of the animal9s life. This constant level is the same in secondarily vaccinated or hyperimmunized mice and is unaltered by a booster dose of virus. This constant immunity is most probably caused by a continuous stimulation from viral foci, especially in the kidneys. After adoptive immunization of syngeneic tolerant virus-carrier mice, lymphoid cells from such immune mice are able to give an enormously enhanced immune response. The CF antibodies from both the immune and the adoptively immunized mice are all 2-ME insensitive, indicating their 7 S character. It is shown that the cell-mediated immunity to LCM virus after primary vaccination develops almost synchronously with the humoral response. During the first weeks of their development, a clear-cut dissociation of the immune responses may be found.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Maternal antibody in chicks delayed the onset of acquired antibody, and birds with maternal antibody and without viremia died of LL less frequently than birds with vire Mia and no maternal antibody.
Abstract: Two commercial flocks on separate farms were examined periodically for antibody to subgroup A avian leukosis viruses and for viremia. One farm had a history of high losses from diseases of the avian leukosis complex (ALC), and the other a history of low losses. Both Marek's disease (MD) and lymphoid leukosis (LL) contributed to the losses on the former farm. Maternal antibody in chicks delayed the onset of acquired antibody, and birds with maternal antibody and without viremia died of LL less frequently than birds with viremia and no maternal antibody. Incidence of LL was higher in birds that acquired antibody than in birds without acquired antibody. LL mortality tended to be higher among birds in which infection was detected (i.e. had viremia or acquired antibody at any time during the experiment) than in birds with no evidence of infection. Among the commercial birds, 15% showed no evidence of infection and 13% of sibling embryos were found to be resistant to RSV when challenged on the chorioallantoic membrane.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first isolation of rubella virus from the blood of a recipient of HPV-77 vaccine, and the consistent antibody responses among vaccinees and the regular presence ofrubella virus in their pharynges argue that viremia occurs in almost every susceptible recipient.
Abstract: A live rubella virus vaccine, HPV-77 (High Passage Virus - 77 tissue culture passages) was administered subcutaneously to eight rubella-susceptible children housed in an isolation ward. One blood specimen, taken on the tenth day after vaccination, from one of the eight vaccines, yielded a rubella virus. This virus had laboratory markers which were "vaccine-like." To our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of rubella virus from the blood of a recipient of HPV-77 vaccine. However, the consistent antibody responses among vaccinees and the regular presence of rubella virus in their pharynges argue that viremia occurs in almost every susceptible recipient. The most logical explanation for the failure to document viremia in other recipients of HPV-77 vaccine is that the viremia is ordinarily low grade or transient or both.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It has been demonstrated clearly that vaccination of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine supplemented with incomplete adjuvant brings about less sideeffects, and such a method of vaccination can be applied as the vaccination with least side-effects.
Abstract: As a step towards the elimination of Japanese encephalitis virus in natural surroundings, we inoculated pigs, rabbits and chicks with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine supplemented with complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant twice at one-week interval. Subsequently, we compared HI antibody titers of the groups inoculated with vaccine containing complete Freund's adjuvant (pigs, rabbits, chicks), of the group inoculated with vaccine containing incomplete adjuvant (rabbits), ar;d of the groups inoculated with vaccine containing no adjuvant (pigs, rabbits, chicks), and also observations on changes in the antibody titers due to natural infection. In a certain portion of these animals neutralizing antibody titers were also determined. The results of this study are briefly summarized as follows. 1. In the groups of pigs and rabbits inoculated with vaccine containing complete Freund's adjuvant, titers of HI antibody and neutralizing antibody were higher than those inoculated with vaccine containing no adjuvant and their high titers persisted. Further, in the group of chicks inoculated with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine containing complete Freund's adjuvant, HI antibody titers were higher and persistent as compared with the antibody titers in the chicks inoculated with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine alone. 2. In the rabbits inoculated with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine contammg incomplete adjuvant, HI antibody titers were lower than in those receiving the vaccine with complete adjuvant, but it has been demonstrated clearly that vaccination of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine supplemented with incomplete adjuvant brings about less sideeffects. Hence such a method of vaccination can be applied as the vaccination with least side-effects. 3. With respect to natural infection of swine, on August 27 when the pigs were thought to have been infected, there was observed a rise in antibody titers. And on being infected with Japanese encephalitis, the antibodies formed in those pigs inoculated with inactivated Japanese ence- phalitis vaccine with or without complete adjuvant proved to be all 2-ME resistant type, whereas the antibodies produced in the control groups not receiving such a vaccination were 2-ME sensitive antibody.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because of its low population density the young coyote would not have a major role in the cycle of VEE in nature, although conditions for its acting as a host in enzootic areas may exist.
Abstract: Fifty-four coyote pups 1 to 2 months of age and 18 pups 6 to 7 months of age, divided into groups of six each, were inoculated with 10-fold serial dilutions of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. Blood and serum collected from these animals after inoculation were tested for viremia and antibody, respectively. In nearly all of the young pups signs of illness developed. Virus was recovered from six of 13 1- to 2- month-old pups that died between the 2nd and 18th day after inoculation. There were no signs of illness in any of the older pups other than temporary loss of appetitie, and none succumbed. There was a complete remission of signs of illness in all animals that survived. Infected animals had viremia, which persisted for 3 to 5 days, and complement-fixing, hemagglutination-inhibiting, and neutralizing antibody. The concentration of virus in the blood was great enough and of sufficient duration to permit mosquitoes to obtain an infected blood-meal. We concluded that because of its low population density the young coyote would not have a major role in the cycle of VEE in nature, although conditions for its acting as a host in enzootic areas may exist.



Journal ArticleDOI
Hiroshi Sekiguchi1, Yoshio Numazaki1, Namio Yano1, Morio Homma1, Nakao Ishida1 
TL;DR: It was discussed that production of the 19S antibody in response to the infection with myxo- and pseudomyxoviruses may be primarily determined by the nature of virus infection itself, particularly the presence or absence of a viremia.
Abstract: The occurrence of immunoglobulin classes of serum antibody in response to natural infections with myxo- and pseudomyxoviruses among infants and children was investigated. Two types of the 19S antibody response have been demonstrated. In the first type, in which are included the measles and mumps virus infections, the 19S antibody appeared dominantly as a primary response to the virus infection. In the second type, which includes the influenza, parainfluenza and RS virus infections, the 19S antibody was either not detectable or produced in a limiting amount in infants even at an early stage of the illnesses. A possibility was discussed that production of the 19S antibody in response to the infection with myxo- and pseudomyxoviruses may be primarily determined by the nature of virus infection itself, particularly the presence or absence of a viremia.