Topic
Virus
About: Virus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 136914 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5209107 citations. The topic is also known as: infectious agent & viruses.
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TL;DR: Thirty hybridomas that secrete immunoglobulins against the simian virus 40 tumor antigens were isolated and cloned and large-T antigen was found to have at least one determinant that it shared with small-t antigen and to have a minimum of six unique determinants.
Abstract: Thirty hybridomas that secrete immunoglobulins against the simian virus 40 tumor antigens were isolated and cloned. Of these, 28 produced antibodies which bound to simian virus 40 large-T, and 2 produced antibodies which bound to the host 53,000-dalton protein. As in previous work, large-T antigen was found to have at least one determinant that it shared with small-t antigen and to have a minimum of six unique determinants. Several of the monoclonal antibodies from the L series hybridomas recognized determinants that were present on a subset of the large-T antigen from simian virus 40-transformed mouse cells. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful in studies of the structure and function of the simian virus 40 tumor antigens.
983 citations
TL;DR: The hemagglutinin structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution, from a highly pathogenic Vietnamese H5N1 influenza virus, is more related to the 1918 and other human H1 HAs than to a 1997 duck H5 HA, which suggests a path for this H 5N1 virus to gain a foothold in the human population.
Abstract: The hemagglutinin (HA) structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution, from a highly pathogenic Vietnamese H5N1 influenza virus, is more related to the 1918 and other human H1 HAs than to a 1997 duck H5 HA. Glycan microarray analysis of this Viet04 HA reveals an avian α2-3 sialic acid receptor binding preference. Introduction of mutations that can convert H1 serotype HAs to human α2-6 receptor specificity only enhanced or reduced affinity for avian-type receptors. However, mutations that can convert avian H2 and H3 HAs to human receptor specificity, when inserted onto the Viet04 H5 HA framework, permitted binding to a natural human α2-6 glycan, which suggests a path for this H5N1 virus to gain a foothold in the human population.
977 citations
TL;DR: A neurotropic virus was isolated from the blood of an African woman with fever and contained no demonstrable neutralizing antibodies against the virus, whereas convalescent serum taken 3 months later neutralized strongly.
Abstract: Summary
A neurotropic virus was isolated from the blood of an African woman with fever. The serum taken at the time of illness contained no demonstrable neutralizing antibodies against the virus, whereas convalescent serum taken 3 months later neutralized strongly.
The virus has a particle size of approximately 21 to 31 mµ.
The virus is pathogenic for mice by intracerebral, intranasal, and intraperitoneal inoculations. It is slightly, if at all, pathogenic for mice by subcutaneous inoculation. It induces encephalitis and causes death when introduced intracerebrally in rhesus monkeys. It causes fever without obvious illness in African monkeys (Cercopithecus ethiops centralis) and induces the formation of neutralizing antibodies. It is not pathogenic for rabbits and guinea pigs, but induces the formation of antibodies.
Neutralization tests with this virus and appropriate immune sera may be carried out either by intracerebral or by intraperitoneal inoculation. Immunologically the agent is related to the virus of Japanese B encephalitis and perhaps also to the virus of louping ill.
The lesions induced by the virus are essentially limited to the central nervous system and are apparently different from the lesions induced by other known neurotropic viruses pathogenic for man.
975 citations
TL;DR: The successful recovery of a BRSV mutant lacking the complete NS2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein of unknown function is reported, demonstrating that NS2 is not essential for virus replication in cell culture.
Abstract: In order to generate recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), the genome of BRSV strain A51908, variant ATue51908, was cloned as cDNA. We provide here the sequence of the BRSV genome ends and of the entire L gene. This completes the sequence of the BRSV genome, which comprises a total of 15,140 nucleotides. To establish a vaccinia virus-free recovery system, a BHK-derived cell line stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase was generated (BSR T7/5). Recombinant BRSV was reproducibly recovered from cDNA constructs after T7 RNA polymerase-driven expression of antigenome sense RNA and of BRSV N, P, M2, and L proteins from transfected plasmids. Chimeric viruses in which the BRSV leader region was replaced by the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) leader region replicated in cell culture as efficiently as their nonchimeric counterparts, demonstrating that all cis-acting sequences of the HRSV promoter are faithfully recognized by the BRSV polymerase complex. In addition, we report the successful recovery of a BRSV mutant lacking the complete NS2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein of unknown function. The NS2-deficient BRSV replicated autonomously and could be passaged, demonstrating that NS2 is not essential for virus replication in cell culture. However, growth of the mutant was considerably slower than and final infectious titers were reduced by a factor of at least 10 compared to wild-type BRSV, indicating that NS2 provides a supporting factor required for full replication capacity.
971 citations
TL;DR: The objective was to compare plasma HIV-1 RNA with determinations of serum p24 antigen, neopterin, and 2-microglobulin levels and CD4+ T-cell counts as predictors of outcome in a cohort of homosexual men with documented HIV- 1 seroconversion.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relation between the quantity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma and the risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or a decline ...
969 citations