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Virus

About: Virus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 136914 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5209107 citations. The topic is also known as: infectious agent & viruses.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that this Hendra-like virus was the cause of the outbreak of encephalitis among pig-farmers in Malaysia and Clinically and epidemiologically the infection is distinct from infection by the Hendra virus.

657 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that HCV spread outpaces the T cell response and thatHCV rapidly induces but is not controlled by IFN-α/β; that viral clearance follows the entry and accumulation of HCV-specific IFN -γ-producing T cells in the liver; and that it may not require the destruction of infected cells.
Abstract: To define the early events that determine the outcome of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we compared the course of viremia with the peripheral and intrahepatic T cell response and intrahepatic cytokine profile in six acutely infected chimpanzees. Three different outcomes were observed after peak viral titers were reached: sustained viral clearance, transient viral clearance followed by chronic infection, and chronic infection that persisted at initial peak titers. The results indicate that HCV spread outpaces the T cell response and that HCV rapidly induces but is not controlled by IFN-α/β; that viral clearance follows the entry and accumulation of HCV-specific IFN-γ-producing T cells in the liver; and that it may not require the destruction of infected cells.

657 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In six of seven patients, herpes-simplex virus was recovered from trigeminal ganglions obtained at autopsy from unselected cadavers less than 12 hours after death and maintained in culture for up to two weeks after death.
Abstract: In six of seven patients, herpes-simplex virus was recovered from trigeminal ganglions obtained at autopsy from unselected cadavers less than 12 hours after death and maintained in culture for 10 to 45 days. The virus was not obtained from similarly handled cultures of trigeminal nerve or root from the same patients. The identity of the virus was confirmed by fluorescent-antibody and neutralization tests and by electron microscopy. The results indicate that herpes-simplex virus is present in a high proportion of human trigeminal ganglions and suggest this as a possible site of latent virus causing recurrent oral infection.

655 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The identification of a previously unknown polyomvirus provisionally named KI polyomavirus, which is phylogenetically related to other primatepolyomaviruses in the early region of the genome but has very little homology to known polyomVirus in the late region, illustrates how unbiased screening of respiratory tract samples can be used for the discovery of diverse virus types.
Abstract: We have previously reported on a system for large-scale molecular virus screening of clinical samples. As part of an effort to systematically search for unrecognized human pathogens, the technology was applied for virus screening of human respiratory tract samples. This resulted in the identification of a previously unknown polyomavirus provisionally named KI polyomavirus. The virus is phylogenetically related to other primate polyomaviruses in the early region of the genome but has very little homology (<30% amino acid identity) to known polyomaviruses in the late region. The virus was found by PCR in 6 (1%) of 637 nasopharyngeal aspirates and in 1 (0.5%) of 192 fecal samples but was not detected in sets of urine and blood samples. Since polyomaviruses have oncogenic potential and may produce severe disease in immunosuppressed individuals, continued searching for the virus in different medical contexts is important. This finding further illustrates how unbiased screening of respiratory tract samples can be used for the discovery of diverse virus types.

655 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent information on the induction and suppression of apoptosis by viral products as well as to propose how this knowledge may provide insights into basic cell biology and offer the potential of new therapeutic applications.
Abstract: Apoptosis is the process whereby individual cells of multicellular organisms undergo systematic self-destruction in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Apoptosis is a genetically controlled preprogrammed event which eliminates cells during development when they have become redundant or which functions as an emergency response after radiation damage, viral infection, or aberrant growth induced by the activation of oncogenes. In the case of virus-infected cells, the induction of early cell death would severely limit virus production and reduce or eliminate spread of progeny virus in the host. Thus, most animal viruses have evolved strategies to evade or delay early apoptosis to allow production of high yields of progeny virus. Over the past few years both the biochemical basis of apoptosis and its regulation by viral products have become clearer. For example, part of the apoptotic program includes the induction of cellular endonucleases which could target replicating viral DNA and prevent virus production at a very early stage. Thus, the problem facing the virus is to replicate and package large numbers of progeny genomes safely within newly synthesized viral capsids. Many viruses have evolved genes encoding proteins which effectively suppress or delay apoptosis long enough for the production of sufficient quantities of progeny. In addition, a growing number of viruses are now known to induce apoptosis actively at late stages of infection. This process may represent a final and important step in the spread of progeny to neighboring cells while also evading host immune inflammatory responses and protecting progeny virus from host enzymes and antibodies. Such virally induced apoptosis may also contribute to some clinical manifestations and cytotoxicity associated with several human diseases of viral origin. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent information on the induction and suppression of apoptosis by viral products as well as to propose how this knowledge may provide insights into basic cell biology and offer the potential of new therapeutic applications. A recent comprehensive review by Shen and Shenk (75) also deals with some aspects of the subjects covered below.

655 citations


Network Information
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20234,275
20228,706
20213,455
20203,848
20193,309