scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Visceral leishmaniasis

About: Visceral leishmaniasis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7486 publications have been published within this topic receiving 184865 citations. The topic is also known as: Kala-Azar & viscus leishmaniasis.


Papers
More filters
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses that sporadically appeared as autochthonous infections in geographically distant regions of Germany and Switzerland was described.
Abstract: The present report describes a novel etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses that, at least for some cases, sporadically appeared as autochthonous infections in geographically distant regions of Germany and Switzerland. The infection was initially diagnosed upon clinical and immunohistological findings. Subsequent comparative sequence analysis of diagnostic PCR products from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of ssrRNA classified the respective isolates as neither Old World nor New World Leishmania species. However, four isolates subjected to molecular analyses all exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship to Leishmania sp. siamensis, an organism recently identified in a visceral leishmaniasis patient from Thailand. Future investigations will demonstrate if this form of leishmaniasis represents an emerging, and perhaps zoonotic, disease of European, or even global, importance.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented incriminating the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector of Leishmania chagasi, the causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis, in the Amazon Region of Brazil.
Abstract: Further evidence is presented incriminating the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector of Leishmania chagasi, the causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis, in the Amazon Region of Brazil. During an outbreak of the disease in Santarem, Para State, this insect was shown to be the only species of sandfly consistently present in and around the patient's homes, where it often occurred in very large numbers. Of 491 specimens dissected, 35 (7.14%) proved to be infected, and isolates of L. chagasi were made from 16 of 27 of these sandflies following the inoculation of the promastigotes into hamsters. Finally, the parasite was transmitted to four other hamsters which had been subjected to the bites of large numbers of wild-caught Lu. longipalpis. Isolates of Leishmania from Lu. longipalpis captures in Santarem, and in another focus of visceral leishmaniasis on the Island of Marajo, Para, have been shown to be biologically and biochemically indistinguishable from the parasite infecting man, dogs and foxes in Para, and from stocks obtained from man elsewhere in Brazil (Bahia and Ceara States).

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that amphotericin B is an effective second-line drug for Indian visceral leishmaniasis, but unpredictable drug-induced myocarditis remains a problem.
Abstract: Thirty-four multidrug-resistant cases of Indian visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) were treated with amphotericin B. A complete hemogram, liver and renal function tests, determination of serum electrolyte levels, a chest radiograph, and an electrocardiogram were done before, during, and after completion of therapy. Assessment for clinical and parasitologic cure was done weekly. Thirty-one patients who completed treatment had full cure after receiving 10-15 injections at six-months follow up. One patient died of myocarditis. A febrile reaction was observed in all cases, while thrombophlebitis was found in six cases (18.75%). Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting were found in seven cases (21.88%). No significant nephrotoxicity or electrolyte disturbances were observed. It is concluded that amphotericin B is an effective second-line drug for Indian visceral leishmaniasis, but unpredictable drug-induced myocarditis remains a problem.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different regimes for therapy and secondary prevention are discussed as well as the role of nutrients on the prophylaxis of VL in poverty-stricken endemic areas.
Abstract: Immunosuppression contributes significantly to the caseload of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). HIV coinfection, solid organ transplantation, malnutrition, and helminth infections are the most important immunosuppression-related factors. This review briefly describes the challenges of these associations. East Africa and the Indian subcontinent are the places where HIV imposes the highest burden in VL. In the highlands of Northern Ethiopia, migrant rural workers are at a greater risk of coinfection and malnutrition, while in India, HIV reduces the sustainability of a successful elimination programme. As shown from a longitudinal cohort in Madrid, VL is an additional threat to solid organ transplantation. The association with malnutrition is more complex since it can be both a cause and a consequence of VL. Different regimes for therapy and secondary prevention are discussed as well as the role of nutrients on the prophylaxis of VL in poverty-stricken endemic areas.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spontaneous healing is commonly seen in Sudanese patients with PKDL, and persistence of the lesions is frequently associated with non-reactivity in the LST and high levels of anti-leishmanial antibodies.
Abstract: In an exploration of the natural history of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), 134 residents of Sudan who had recently been diagnosed as cases of the disease were investigated. In each case, diagnosis had been based on clinical criteria, the temporal relationship between the rash and the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), positive results in direct agglutination tests (DAT) and/or leishmanin skin tests (LST), and the exclusion of other skin conditions. The mean (S.D.) age of the subjects was 6.4 (3.0) years. Although PKDL appeared commonest among those aged 4-8 years (P < 0.05), it was most severe in children aged

65 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Malaria
37K papers, 914K citations
91% related
Plasmodium falciparum
21.3K papers, 800.4K citations
88% related
Dengue fever
17.4K papers, 485.7K citations
87% related
Dengue virus
12.6K papers, 461.4K citations
83% related
Outbreak
21.7K papers, 622.2K citations
81% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023192
2022442
2021269
2020285
2019286
2018253