Topic
Visceral leishmaniasis
About: Visceral leishmaniasis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7486 publications have been published within this topic receiving 184865 citations. The topic is also known as: Kala-Azar & viscus leishmaniasis.
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TL;DR: Miltefosine was originally developed as an antineoplastic drug, but it has the potential to become the first highly effective, orally administered drug for treating visceral leishmaniasis.
Abstract: Miltefosine was originally developed as an antineoplastic drug, but it has the potential to become the first highly effective, orally administered drug for treating visceral leishmaniasis, a life-t...
59 citations
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TL;DR: Sera from visceral leishmaniasis patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were examined for anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and compared with patients without HIV (controls), finding significant titres of specific IgG were found in 81.8% of co-infections.
Abstract: Twenty-two sera from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (50% with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome) were examined for anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and compared with 35 sera from VL patients without HIV (controls). Significant titres of specific IgG were found in 81.8% of co-infections. However, while control sera showed a restricted range of anti-Leishmania IgG titres, sera from co-infection cases displayed a considerable degree of variability, both quantitative and qualitative. They were clearly divided into 2 groups: one (18 sera) showing a continuous grading from nil to mid-concentrations of specific antibodies, the other (3 sera) showing titres 30-fold higher than this range. Taking into account the major immunological abnormalities involving humoral response described in HIV patient, the 2 groups may reflect a different sequence of acquisition of the 2 infective agents; the former representing VL acquired after HIV infection, and the latter representing the contrary situation.
59 citations
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TL;DR: Two cases of VL occurring in a patient with lymphoma and in a pregnant woman are described, in both cases, parasites remained present in the lymph nodes after clinical cure.
59 citations
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TL;DR: The main goal of this paper is to compile the recent advances made on cytokine and phenotypic cell profiles in different tissues and organs of dogs infected with L. infantum and stressed that the knowledge of the immune responses developed, namely, in liver, lymph node, and spleen is very limited.
Abstract: Leishmaniasis has reemerged in recent years showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global incidence of human and canine disease than previously known. Dogs are the main domestic/peridomestic reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Since the evolution of leishmaniasis and clinical appearance is a consequence of complex interactions between the parasite and host immune response, a profound knowledge about the immune profile developed in dog's infection is crucial for vaccine and immunomodulatory therapy design. The main goal of this paper is to compile the recent advances made on cytokine and phenotypic cell profiles in different tissues and organs of dogs infected with L. infantum. This paper also stressed that the knowledge of the immune responses developed, namely, in liver, lymph node, and spleen is very limited. All data emphasizes that more research on canine leishmaniasis is necessary for the development of new and efficacious tools to control zoonotic leishmaniasis.
59 citations
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TL;DR: Results corroborate that Slc11a1 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for CVL and that SNP in the promoter region affect putative transcription binding sites and SNP C4859T in exon 8 disrupts a putative exonic splicing enhancer (ESE).
Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis is the most important zoonosis in Europe and it is caused by Leishmania infantum, a protozoan intracellular parasite. Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and South America, and is emerging within non endemic areas such as the United Kingdom and North America. We have analyzed 24 polymorphisms in the canine Slc11a1 (formerly NRAMP1) gene: 19 new polymorphisms characterized by direct sequencing from 40 dogs of different breeds and five polymorphisms previously described. Data analysis in a case-control study including 164 dogs of 19 different breeds revealed that two of the 24 polymorphisms were associated with increased risk for CVL: one intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A4549G in intron 6: odds ratio (OR) = 6.78, P = 0.001) and one silent SNP in exon 8 (C4859T: OR = 13.44, P = 0.004). In silico analysis of the significant SNP revealed that SNP in the promoter region affect putative transcription binding sites and SNP C4859T in exon 8 disrupts a putative exonic splicing enhancer (ESE). These results corroborate that Slc11a1 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for CVL. leishmaniasis / Slc11a1 / polymorphism / dog / susceptibility
59 citations