Topic
Visceral leishmaniasis
About: Visceral leishmaniasis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7486 publications have been published within this topic receiving 184865 citations. The topic is also known as: Kala-Azar & viscus leishmaniasis.
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TL;DR: Proximity of Leishmania donovani–positive goats is a risk factor for human infection and may be a cause for concern for people infected with the virus.
Abstract: On the Indian subcontinent, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered an anthroponosis. To determine possible reasons for its persistence during interepidemic periods, we mapped Leishmania infections among healthy persons and animals in an area of active VL transmission in Nepal. During 4 months (September 2007-February 2008), blood was collected from persons, goats, cows, and buffaloes in 1 village. Leishmania infections were determined by using PCR. We found infections among persons (6.1%), cows (5%), buffaloes (4%), and goats (16%). Data were georeferenced and entered into a geographic information system. The bivariate K-function results indicated spatial clustering of Leishmania spp.-positive persons and domestic animals. Classification tree analysis determined that among several possible risk factors for Leishmania infection among persons, proximity of Leishmania spp.-positive goats ranked first. Although our data do not necessarily mean that goats constitute a reservoir host of L. donovani, these observations indicate the need for further investigation of goats' possible role in VL transmission.
102 citations
TL;DR: VL was most commonly associated with renal transplantation and most patients were from Southern European countries, and leucopoenia and anaemia were the most frequent haematological disorders.
102 citations
TL;DR: Experimental data gathered from recent dog trials are summarized to discuss their potential to serve as quantitative surrogate markers of immunization and, more importantly, its usefulness to evaluate whether the immunity induced by the vaccine candidate is strong enough to protect against canine leishmaniasis.
102 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that visceral leishmaniasis transmission has become disseminated throughout the state of Mato Grosso, following migratory flows and the process of disorderly occupation of urban areas.
Abstract: An epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis began in 1998, in the Metropolitan Region of Cuiaba, the capital of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Today, it has reached 34 (24.1%) of the 141 municipalities in the state. Between January 1998 and December 2005, 138 autochthonous cases were notified, mainly in males (58%), children aged 0-9 years (51.5%) and inhabitants of urban areas (66.7%). Canine visceral leishmaniasis has been detected in 41 municipalities, with positive serum in 9% of the 40,000 dogs examined. Lutzomyia longipalpis and/or Lutzomyia cruzi were captured in 14 out of the 18 municipalities that simultaneously recorded both human and canine visceral leishmaniasis. These findings indicate that visceral leishmaniasis transmission has become disseminated throughout the state, following migratory flows and the process of disorderly occupation of urban areas. The presence of Lutzomyia cruzi alone in areas with high incidence of human and canine cases suggests possible participation by this species in the transmission chain for visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso.
102 citations
TL;DR: This study attempts to present a comprehensive overview of different approaches of nanotechnology in treatment of leishmaniasis as well as new drug delivery devices transport antileishmanial drug to the target cell specifically with minimizing the toxic effects to normal cells.
101 citations