Voice

About: Voice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2393 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56637 citations.

Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech

Abstract: Previously, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the amplitude of human speech and the emission rate of micron-scale expiratory aerosol particles, which are believed to play a role in respiratory disease transmission. To further those findings, here we systematically investigate the effect of different 'phones' (the basic sound units of speech) on the emission of particles from the human respiratory tract during speech. We measured the respiratory particle emission rates of 56 healthy human volunteers voicing specific phones, both in isolation and in the context of a standard spoken text. We found that certain phones are associated with significantly higher particle production; for example, the vowel /i/ ("need," "sea") produces more particles than /ɑ/ ("saw," "hot") or /u/ ("blue," "mood"), while disyllabic words including voiced plosive consonants (e.g., /d/, /b/, /g/) yield more particles than words with voiceless fricatives (e.g., /s/, /h/, /f/). These trends for discrete phones and words were corroborated by the time-resolved particle emission rates as volunteers read aloud from a standard text passage that incorporates a broad range of the phones present in spoken English. Our measurements showed that particle emission rates were positively correlated with the vowel content of a phrase; conversely, particle emission decreased during phrases with a high fraction of voiceless fricatives. Our particle emission data is broadly consistent with prior measurements of the egressive airflow rate associated with the vocalization of various phones that differ in voicing and articulation. These results suggest that airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens via speech aerosol particles could be modulated by specific phonetic characteristics of the language spoken by a given human population, along with other, more frequently considered epidemiological variables.

Articulatory and Phonological Impairments: A Clinical Focus

Abstract: All chapters include a "Chapter Outline," "Summary," and "References." Preface. 1. Clinical Framework: Basic Terms and Concepts. Articulation and Articulation Disorders. Phonetics and Its Relationship to Articulation Disorders. Speech Sounds versus Phonemes: Clinical Application. Phonology and Phonological Disorders. Phonetics versus Phonology: Form and Function. Articulation Disorders and Phonological Disorders. 2. Articulatory Phonetics: Speech Sound Form. Vowels versus Consonants. Sounds in Context: Coarticulation and Assimilation. 3. Phonetics Transcription and Diacritics. Phonetic Transcription as a Notational System. Why Use Phonetic Transcription? Diacritics. Clinical Implications. 4. Theoretical Considerations. Phonology. Distinctive Feature Theories. Generative Phonology. Natural Phonology. Linear versus Nonlinear Phonologies. 5. Normal Phonological Development. Aspects of Structural and Functional Development. Aspects of Perceptual Development. Prelinguistic Stages: Before the First Word. Transition from Babbling to First Words. The First Fifty Words. The Preschool Child. The School-Age Child. 6. Appraisal: Collection of Data. Evaluation by the Clinician. Initial Impression. Articulation Tests. Spontaneous Speech Sample. Evaluation of the Speech Mechanism. Selection of Additional Assessment Measures. Special Considerations. Summary of the Data. 7. Diagnosis: Phonetic versus Phonemic Emphasis. Preliminary Analysis: Inventory and Distribution of Speech Sounds. Decision-Making: Primarily Phonetic Emphasis. Decision-Making: Primarily Phonemic Emphasis. Measures of Severity and Intelligibility. 8. Therapy for Phonetic Errors. Decision Making: When to Use a Phonetic Approach. Therapy Sequence. Individual Sound Errors. Misarticulations of: s-sounds, sh-sounds, k- and g-sounds, l-sounds, r-sounds including central vowels with r-coloring, th-sounds. Other Sound Errors. Voicing Problems, Misarticulations of f- and v-Sounds, Affricates, and Consonant Clusters. 9. Treatment of Phonemic Errors. Treatment Principles. Minimal Pair Contrast Therapies. Cycles Training. Metaphon Therapy. Phonemic Disorders with Concurrent Language Problems. Therapeutic Suggestions. The Child with an Emerging Phonological System. Therapeutic Suggestions. Treatment of Multiple Vowel Errors. 10. Articulatory/Phonological Disorders in Selected Populations. Development Apraxia of Speech: A Disorder of Speech motor Control. Motor Speech Disorders: Cerebral Palsy. Clefting: Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip. Mental Disability. Hearing Impairment. Motor Speech Disorders: Acquired Apraxia of Speech. Motor Speech Disorders: The Dysarthrias. Glossary. References. Index.