Topic
Voice
About: Voice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2393 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56637 citations.
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TL;DR: The apparent discontinuity between the earlier sound classes and the later‐appearing comfort sounds may derive from the fact that a new combination of features is formed in comfort sound, each feature deriving from a previously existing sound class.
Abstract: There is said to be a discontinuity in development of vocalization at the time when comfort sounds (cooing) first emerge. In the present study, vocalizations produced by two normal female infants before and after the emergence of comfort sounds were studied. The vocalizations were first classified as cry, discomfort, vegetative (coughing, burping), and, from 6 to 8 weeks of age onwards, comfort sounds. Examples from each class were selected randomly for auditory and spectrographic analysis. The features of voicing, breath direction, and vowel‐like vs consonant‐like were documented. The two infants differed little from one another with respect to these features. Cry and discomfort sounds were both predominantly vowel‐like, voiced and egressive. Vegetative sounds were predominantly consonant‐like, voiceless and ingressive. The features voiced and egressive were incorporated with the feature consonant‐like in comfort sounds. Thus, the apparent discontinuity between the earlier sound classes and the later‐appearing comfort sounds may derive from the fact that a new combination of features is formed in comfort sound, each feature deriving from a previously existing sound class. This new combination coincides with emergence of the ability to express pleasure. [Work supported by NINDS.]
33 citations
TL;DR: Five-year-old articulation-disordered children, some classified as substituters and some as syllable reducers, were compared with normal child and adult controls in their production of voicing contrasts and appeared to recognize underlying voicing contrasts in at least a few final obstruents and in some of the initial stop singles.
Abstract: Five-year-old articulation-disordered children, some classified as substituters and some as syllable reducers, were compared with normal child and adult controls in their production of voicing cont...
33 citations
TL;DR: Speech voicing continua were created in which lexical status resulted in one end-point constituting a real word and the other end a nonword, and subjects’ identification of the initial segment of these items was biased in the midrange of the continua.
Abstract: Three experiments investigated the use of lexical stress in auditory word recognition. Speech voicing continua were created in which lexical status resulted in one end-point constituting a real word and the other end a nonword (e.g. diGRESS-tiGRESS, in which digress is a real word, and DIgress-Tigress, in which tigress is a real word). Subjects' identification of the initial segment of these items was biased in the midrange of the continua in that they were more likely to report a segment that resulted in a real word than one that resulted in a nonword. Alternative acoustically based explanations are discounted in favor of a lexically based account of the data. Possible mechanisms underlying the effect of lexical stress on speech perception are discussed.
33 citations
TL;DR: The diagnostic approach to articulation testing examines the phonemic confusions in the responses made by an articulation test crew, and a test which includes all the minimal feature contrasts in a language can estimate speech system performance for an input sample from the natural language.
Abstract: The diagnostic approach to articulation testing examines the phonemic confusions in the responses made by an articulation test crew. Since a phoneme may be regarded as a sum of its essentially independent features or attributes (either the distinctive features or the conventional articulatory classifications of manner, place, and voicing), a phonemic confusion, or error in identification, may be regarded as a confusion in one or more of its independent attributes. A pair of phonemes which differ from each other in only a single feature or attribute is a minimal feature contrast, and an error in the identification of one of the phonemes for the other is a minimal feature confusion. Any phonemic confusion can be seen to be the sum of one or a number of minimal feature confusions. A test which includes all the minimal feature contrasts in a language can then estimate speech system performance for an input sample from the natural language. A previously reported test [A. S. House, C. E. Williams, M. H. L. Hecker, and K. D. Kryter, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 158–166 (1955)] has been modified to include all the minimal feature contrasts for initial and terminal consonants. This modification is an easily interpreted tool for diagnostic research, and in addition, retains the desirable characteristics of the original test: case of administration and scoring, stable responses without learning effect, and use of of naive listeners.
32 citations