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Showing papers on "Voltage regulator published in 1972"


Patent
17 May 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a circuit that senses and corrects the value of the threshold voltage of an MOS integrated circuit is disclosed in which an error signal corresponding to the deviation of threshold voltage from a desired level is developed.
Abstract: A circuit that senses and corrects the value of the threshold voltage of an MOS integrated circuit is disclosed in which an error signal corresponding to the deviation of the threshold voltage from a desired level is developed. That signal controls the magnitude of a bias voltage that is applied to the substrate, to thereby vary the threshold voltage according to the source body effect. The thus varied substrate voltage adjusts the level of the effective threshold voltage to the desired level.

63 citations


Patent
02 Oct 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the Schmitt trigger regulator is actuated when the output voltage decreases below a certain maximum value and is disabled as the output potential goes below a minimum value; it is also actuated if the output output voltage increases to this minimum value and when it decreases below this same minimum value.
Abstract: A constant potential power supply having a Schmitt trigger regulator and switching amplifier to maintain the output load voltage within a predetermined range, and an undervoltage protection circuit which disables the regulator when the input potential goes below a predetermined level. An integrating capacitor which is part of the Schmitt trigger regulator, discharges through the load. The Schmitt trigger regulator is actuated when the output potential decreases below a certain maximum value and is disabled as the output potential goes below a certain minimum value; it is also actuated when the output potential increases to this minimum value and is disabled as the output potential goes below this maximum value. After actuation and until disabled, charging current is applied to the capacitor. The switching amplifier circuitry, which is coupled to the output load and the regulator, enables and disables the line switch of the regulator when the output voltage increases to this minimum value and when it decreases below this same minimum value. The output triggering section of the regulator disables the line switch when the output voltage increases above this maximum value and when it decreases below this same maximum value. The particular arrangement between the switching amplifier and the regulator provides significant control of the hysteresis as well as decreasing it and improving the overall regulation of the circuit.

43 citations


Patent
M Powell1
01 Nov 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a MOS voltage regulator circuit produces a regulated voltage at an output node using a reference circuit including first and second MOSFETs connected in series between ground and a power supply.
Abstract: A MOS voltage regulator circuit produces a regulated voltage at an output node. A reference circuit including first and second MOSFETs connected in series between ground and a power supply produces an internal reference voltage. The internal reference voltage is sensed by a feedback circuit including a diode-connected MOSFET and is regulated thereby. The internal reference voltage is applied to an output circuit including a pullup MOSFET and a pulldown diode-connected MOSFET which produce a regulated output voltage.

38 citations


Patent
18 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, an accurate, miniaturized synchronizing system for automatically connecting an oncoming AC generator in parallel with a three-phase bus source when the generator and bus source output parameters are simultaneously within predetermined phase, frequency and voltage synchronization limits of each other, and for automatically changing the rotational speed and voltage of the oncoming generator to achieve the predetermined synchronizing conditions.
Abstract: An accurate, miniaturized synchronizing system for automatically connecting an oncoming AC generator in parallel with a three-phase bus source when the generator and bus source output parameters are simultaneously within predetermined phase, frequency and voltage synchronization limits of each other, and for automatically changing the rotational speed and voltage of the oncoming generator to achieve the predetermined synchronizing conditions. Sensing circuits monitor the oncoming generator and bus source output voltages. Pulse generator circuits produce a plurality of phase angle dependent pulse train signals from the sensed output voltage signals. A digital speed matching circuit determines the directional frequency difference between the oncoming generator and bus source signals and provides periodic compensating speed regulating signals to a prime mover of the oncoming generator in response thereto. A voltage matching circuit detects voltage synchronization unbalance between the oncoming generator and bus source output signals, and in response thereto, provides a digital output synchronization signal indicative of the voltage synchronization unbalance, and provides voltage matching control signals to a voltage regulator of the oncoming generator. Phase and frequency synchronizer logic circuits digitally compare the generated pulse train signals and provide therefrom logical phase and frequency synchronization output signals indicative of the phase and frequency unbalance between the oncoming generator and bus source output signals. A synchronizer control logic circuit provides an energizing signal to a circuit breaker for connecting the oncoming generator in parallel with the bus source when the voltage, phase and frequency synchronization output signals simultaneously indicate that the oncoming generator and bus source outputs are within the predetermined synchronization limits. A lockout circuit prevents repeated circuit breaker closure attempts if the circuit breaker fails to close after receiving the first energizing signal from the synchronizer control logic circuit.

37 citations


Patent
29 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the voltage regulator circuit is used to charge a battery or other energy storage device from a source of fluctuating electrical potential, where the voltage on the battery leads is within predetermined limits and conduction from the energy source is inhibited or the source is short circuited.
Abstract: A voltage regulator circuit for charging a battery or other energy storage device from a source of fluctuating electrical potential. The regulator circuit provides charging of the battery from the fluctuating source when the voltage on the battery leads is within predetermined limits but when the potential across the battery leads is outside the predetermined limits conduction from the energy source is inhibited or the source is short circuited to prevent excessive voltage buildup at the battery terminals or circuit damage in the regulator under various abnormal conditions including incorrect polarity of the battery. In normal use, the battery is used to provide operating energy to a further circuit.

36 citations


Patent
31 Jul 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a dc-to-dc converter provided with dualmode current and voltage regulation and a "soft" start characteristic in which a digital-type feedback control is obtained based upon the relative priority of the arrival of the respective feedback pulses at the driving circuit for the converter transistors.
Abstract: There is disclosed a dc-to-dc converter provided with dual-mode current and voltage regulation and a "soft" start characteristic in which a digital-type feedback control is obtained based upon the relative priority of the arrival of the respective feedback pulses at the driving circuit for the converter transistors. In addition, a shut-down circuit checks both of two redundant feedback circuits for the absence of feedback pulses for a prescribed time before triggering shutdown. Either of the two redundant feedback circuits is individually capable of regulating the output voltage or the output current if the output load is balanced. With a high impedance unbalanced load, the voltage regulator on the output lead that tends to experience high voltage takes control and limits the maximum output voltage.

32 citations


Patent
13 Nov 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a system for isolated measurement and sensing of line-to-ground voltages, differential voltages and other parameters in insulated conductors and related systems associated with low and high power, low-and high voltage electrical and electronic systems is presented.
Abstract: Presented is a system, including apparatus and methods of operation thereof, for effecting isolated measurement and sensing of line to ground voltages, differential voltages, currents, insulation leakage and resistances, Corona levels, and other parameters in insulated conductors and related systems associated with low and high power, low and high voltage electrical and electronic systems. The system includes a high input impedance meter unit actuated by a solid-state amplifier circuit including a pair of feedback circuits that cooperate with transistor amplifiers to maintain substantially constant the ratio of input and output from the circuit over a wide range of AC and DC voltages and currents. In its different applications, the high input impedance meter including solid-state amplifier circuit is used in conjunction with a variety of probes, both low voltage and high voltage types, for measurements of various voltages, and may be utilized with a proximity probe for direct sensing of AC fields. The high input impedance of the meter movement and solid-state circuit also permits the use of Corona voltage level and detecting probes for both high voltage direct and low voltage indirect or proximity measurement of various levels of voltages. Inasmuch as it is important that systems of this type be predictably accurate and operative, the system also includes a high voltage portable test unit to test the voltmeter and probes. To insure complete reliability of values being measured, the high voltage portable test source itself is subject to test to determine that it is operating properly before it is used to test the voltmeter and probes, and for this purpose a high voltage megohmmeter insulation leakage current-emission detecter is provided to test the high voltage portable test voltage source, and to measure the high voltage insulation associated with the high voltage point or terminal being measured. Inasmuch as the high input impedance metering system is used in conjunction with high voltages, a collapsible and detachable insulating "hot stick" is provided to isolate the high voltage components from human contact while in use.

29 citations


Patent
J Fletcher1, S Feng1, T Wilson
18 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a closed-loop regulated dc-to-dc converter employing an unregulated two-winding inductive-energy storage converter is provided by using a magnetically coupled multivibrator acting as a duty-cycle generator to drive the converter.
Abstract: A closed-loop regulated dc-to-dc converter employing an unregulated two-winding inductive-energy storage converter is provided by using a magnetically coupled multivibrator acting as a duty-cycle generator to drive the converter. The multivibrator is comprised of two transistor switches and a saturable transformer. The output of the converter is compared with a reference in a comparator which transmits a binary zero until the output exceeds the reference. When the output exceeds the reference, the binary output of the comparator drives transistor switches, via a dc isolation circuit, which control the multivibrator to turn the multivibrator off. The multivibrator is unbalanced so that a predetermined transistor will always turn on first when the binary feedback signal becomes zero.

28 citations


Patent
08 Jun 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-conductor control device is connected to a high voltage rectifier circuit to respond to changes in the high voltage and the control device adjusts its output impedance as necessary to cause the amplitude of pulses applied to the transformer to increase when the high direct voltage tends to drop.
Abstract: A circuit is provided in which current pulses through a first semi-conductor device and through one winding of a transformer generate high voltage and low voltage pulses in two other windings. Rectifiers are connected to the latter two windings to produce high direct voltage and low direct voltage. A semi-conductor control device is connected to the high voltage rectifier circuit to respond to changes in the high voltage and is connected to the control device to adjust its output impedance as necessary to cause the amplitude of pulses applied to the transformer to increase when the high direct voltage tends to drop, thereby keeping the high voltage constant. However, in order to keep the magnitude of the low direct voltage from changing in response to changes in the pulse amplitude, the control semi-conductor is connected to the low voltage rectifier circuit to provide a compensating direct voltage.

22 citations


Patent
Takeshi Ukai1
30 Jun 1972
TL;DR: In this article, an automatic voltage regulator employing an optical feedback system, in which a luminous element whose intensity varies in response to the variation in a regulated voltage, illuminates a photosensitive element which generates a feedback signal responsive to intensity of light.
Abstract: An automatic voltage regulator employing an optical feedback system, in which a luminous element, whose intensity varies in response to the variation in a regulated voltage, illuminates a photosensitive element which generates a feedback signal responsive to intensity of light. More precise voltage regulation is possible. Furthermore, a "soft-start" circuit is provided which can arbitrarily select a rising time of a regulated voltage to a predetermined magnitude, starting always from a predetermined phase angle of the voltage.

20 citations


Patent
12 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a voltage regulating system for vehicle generators of the type in which a voltage across the terminals of a battery is detected to thereby effect on-off control of the field current of an alternator for charging the battery in accordance with the detected voltage.
Abstract: A voltage regulating system for vehicle generators of the type in which a voltage across the terminals of a battery is detected to thereby effect on-off control of the field current of an alternator for charging the battery in accordance with the detected voltage. The voltage regulating system includes a voltage control circuit for detecting the terminal voltage of the battery to effect on-off control of the field current, the on-off control action of said voltage control circuit having a hysteresis characteristic, and an astable multivibrator circuit connected to said voltage control circuit, whereby the duration of flow of the field current is always limited to less than one oscillation period of said multivibrator circuit, thereby effectively preventing oscillation from being caused in said voltage control circuit.

Patent
13 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a voltage regulated power supply utilizing a small series resistance to sense load current and a circuit including a normally "off" trigger transistor having its base connected to the load side of the series resistor for actuation to "on" condition responsive to voltage drop in the resistor and a series switching transistor has its base connecting to the output of the trigger transistor to shut off the series switch transistor in an overload condition which in turn interrupts operation of a series transistor by interrupting base current.
Abstract: A voltage regulated power supply utilizing a small series resistance to sense load current and a circuit including a normally "off" trigger transistor having its base connected to the load side of the series resistor for actuation to "on" condition responsive to voltage drop in the resistor and a series switching transistor having its base connected to the output of the trigger transistor to shut off the series switching transistor in an overload condition which in turn interrupts operation of a series transistor by interrupting base current thereto. The circuit also includes a latching zener diode connected to the base of the trigger transistor to maintain its "on" condition after overload to maintain the power supply inoperative until the fault is removed and the supply is recycled.

Patent
27 Jun 1972
TL;DR: A brushless excitation device in which the output voltage and load current of an A.C. generator are detected and the detected voltage and current are applied to an automatic voltage regulator inserted and connected into a rotary portion of the generator by means of a rotating transformer is described in this article.
Abstract: A brushless excitation device in which the output voltage and load current of an A.C. generator are detected and the detected voltage and current are applied to an automatic voltage regulator inserted and connected into a rotary portion of the generator by means of a rotary transformer, the field current of the generator being controlled by the output of the automatic voltage regulator.

Patent
24 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for testing alternators, voltage regulators and their component parts in an electrical system has a plurality of couplings adapted for connection to the output, field and auxiliary terminals of an alternator and to the field and armature terminals of a voltage regulator and to ground.
Abstract: An apparatus for testing alternators, voltage regulators and their component parts in an electrical system has a plurality of couplings adapted for connection to the output, field and auxiliary terminals of an alternator and to the field and armature terminals of a voltage regulator and to ground. The couplings are adapted to be connected with a voltage metering circuit and an amperage metering circuit through circuit means preferably including multiple contact switching means for connecting the various couplings with the metering circuits to conduct the desired test. In another embodiment, means is provided for testing the amperage draw by glow plugs in diesel engines.

Patent
Sauer Helmut Dipl Ing1
18 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this article, two three-phase thyristor inverters, connected in parallel at the input side, are connected together via voltage divider chokes, providing the three outputs of the converter.
Abstract: A circuit for converting a DC voltage or a three-phase voltage of variable or constant frequency into a three-phase voltage of a constant other frequency utilizes an intermediate circuit frequency converter. The converter comprises two three-phase thyristor inverters, connected in parallel at the input side. The three-phase outputs of the one three-phase thyristor inverters are connected together via voltage divider chokes. The taps of the voltage divider chokes provide the three outputs of the converter.

Patent
26 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a superheterodyne f.m.c. receiver has a manually tunable and voltage tunable local oscillator and a ratio detector for providing audio output signal and a switch for controlling the switch to open the channel only when voltage exceeds predetermined levels, and in response to interchannel noise.
Abstract: A superheterodyne f.m. receiver having a manually tunable and voltage tunable local oscillator and a ratio detector for providing audio output signal and a.f.c. voltage in response to a received carrier and an a.f.c. channel for conveying the a.f.c. voltage to the local oscillator to maintain precise tuning of the latter, wherein is provided a switch for opening the a.f.c. channel and logic circuitry responsive to the a.f.c. voltage for controlling the switch to open the channel only when (1) the a.f.c. voltage exceeds predetermined levels, and (2) in response to interchannel noise, the a.f.c. channel including a voltage limiter for limiting a.f.c. voltage.

Patent
24 May 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a temperature sensing device is placed on the holder for the battery, spring-pressed against the battery so that the actual battery temperature will be sensed, and the sensed temperature then is utilized to control the voltage regulator to vary the charge voltage in accordance with actual battery voltage to provide for most rapid and safe charging under all battery operating conditions.
Abstract: To permit charging of secondary batteries by electrical power at a voltage which is just below the gassing voltage of the battery, a temperature sensing device is placed on the holder for the battery, spring-pressed against the battery so that the actual battery temperature will be sensed. The sensed temperature then is utilized to control the voltage regulator to vary the charge voltage in accordance with actual battery temperature to provide for most rapid and safe charging under all battery operating conditions.

Patent
Braun F1, Ribnitz P1
26 Oct 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a monitoring apparatus for preventing a spark-over at a high voltage installation for corona electrodes consisting of a high-frequency voltage source and high voltage transformer, the secondary winding of which is coupled through the agency of high voltage cascade with the corona electrode.
Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for preventing a spark-over at a high voltage installation for corona electrodes comprising a high-frequency voltage source and a high voltage transformer, the secondary winding of which is coupled through the agency of a high voltage cascade with the corona electrode. The high-frequency voltage source is connected via a power amplifier, which starting from a certain value of its output current exhibits current limiting and decreasing output voltage characteristics, with the primary winding of the high voltage transformer. A comparator has its inputs coupled with the input and output respectively of the power amplifier and in the event the output voltage of the power amplifier is smaller than its input voltage interrupts the current circuit to the corona electrode through the agency of a cutoff mechanism.

Patent
22 Feb 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a threshold amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the converter, and first and second switching transistors are connected to output side of the amplifier, to be driven alternately, and to control the first and the second display lamps.
Abstract: A converter, e.g., a photo resistor, converts a physical quantity such as light into an electrical quantity; a threshold amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the converter; first and second switching transistors are connected to the output side of said amplifier, to be driven alternately, and to control first and second display lamps. A feedback circuit having a resistor, and capacitor, respectively, connects the output of the transistors to the input of the amplifier. The circuit values are so chosen that, when the output of the converter just exceeds the threshold level of the amplifier, said amplifier becomes unstable (due to the R-C feedback circuit) to alternately illuminate said first and second display lamps; below or substantially above the threshold, the one, or other lamp is selectively continuously lit.

Patent
02 Nov 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a voltage regulator is described, which includes circuitry therein which may be interconnected with other regulators for machines operating in parallel to provide interaction between the coupled regulators to increase the output of the lower generating machine to match the higher output machine.
Abstract: A voltage regulator is disclosed which includes circuitry therein which may be interconnected with other regulators for machines operating in parallel to provide interaction between the coupled regulators to increase the output of the lower generating machine to match the higher output machine. The regulator includes a voltage sensing network whose output controls a power transistor in series with the field excitation to inversely regulate the field excitation in accordance with the output voltage of the generator. Each regulator further includes a voltage divider network connected between the field excitations of each regulator which network is responsive to the presence of greater excitation in the other regulators to vary the voltage sensing network in the one regulator to increase field excitation to achieve load balance.

Patent
18 May 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a series regulating network is disposed between the regulator input and the regulator output to support the difference between the unregulated input voltage and the regulated output voltage, and a shunt regulator network is connected between the shunt and the output voltage to generate a plurality of regulating waves which, together with the input voltage, control the current through and voltage across the series regulating networks.
Abstract: A circuit for providing a regulated a-c or d-c output voltage from an unregulated a-c input voltage. A series regulating network is disposed between the regulator input and the regulator output to support the difference between the unregulated input voltage and the regulated output voltage. A shunt regulating network is connected between the series regulating network and the regulator output to generate a plurality of regulating waves which, together with the input voltage, control the current through and voltage across the series regulating network. Output voltage sensing circuitry controls the phase angle between the input voltage and the regulating waves, as required, to establish and maintain the regulated output voltage.

Patent
G Hafner1
25 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a circuit arrangement for accurately positioning and adjusting an electromagnetic actuating member as a function of a d.c. voltage was proposed, in which the voltage was chopped into a rectangular pulse voltage with constant amplitude as well as with variable pulse spacing and variable pulse width.
Abstract: A circuit arrangement for accurately positioning and adjusting an electromagnetic actuating member as a function of a d.c. voltage, in which the d.c. voltage is chopped into a rectangular pulse voltage with constant amplitude as well as with variable pulse spacing and variable pulse width such that the average value of the pulse voltage is equal to the d.c. voltage; the pulse voltage thus obtained acts on an adjusting member opposite a prestress engaging at this adjusting member.

Patent
T Frederiksen1, W Davis1, R Russell1
17 Feb 1972
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated circuit structure responsive to being triggered to produce output signals at precise time intervals following points in the operation of a device is presented. But the circuit is adapted for accurate repeating operation, and provides a plurality of signals at different precise time delays.
Abstract: Integrated circuit structure responsive to being triggered to produce output signals at precise time intervals following points in the operation of a device. The circuit is adapted for accurate repeating operation, and provides a plurality of signals at different precise time delays. A discrete capacitor is discharged to a predetermined value (reset) by a voltage regulator at each triggering of the circuit, and at the end of a short time starts to charge so that the voltage thereacross forms a repeatable exponential ramp. A plurality of comparators are coupled to the capacitor and each produces an output when the capacitor voltage reaches the reference voltage for that comparator. The triggering may be provided by a circuit including a reset capacitor which responds to the change of levels of a signal derived from the device to alternately charge and discharge the reset capacitor. The voltage across the reset capacitor is applied to a pair of comparators which produce current pulses during the beginning of the charge and discharge periods of the reset capacitor for operating the voltage regulator.

Patent
10 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a power supply for supplying a predetermined d.c. output voltage notwithstanding its connection to external a.k.a. voltage sources of different voltage magnitudes operates in either a full wave rectifying or diode ridge rectifying mode to accommodate the different source voltage.
Abstract: A power supply for supplying a predetermined d.c. output voltage notwithstanding its connection to external a.c. voltage sources of different voltage magnitudes operates in either a full wave rectifying or diode ridge rectifying mode to accommodate the different source voltage. A zener diode senses the source voltage magnitude and a mode control voltage controls a switching circuit for establishing the power supply in the proper rectifying mode.

Patent
17 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrical circuit is provided in which a bank of capacitors is controllably charged in series and then discharged in parallel through the interaction of a voltage divider, a silicon controlled rectifier, and diode circuit elements to transform a sinusoidal line voltage into a half wave pulse.
Abstract: An electrical circuit is provided in which a bank of capacitors is controllably charged in series and then discharged in parallel through the interaction of a voltage divider, a silicon controlled rectifier, and diode circuit elements to transform a sinusoidal line voltage into a half-wave pulse. The magnitude of the pulse is a function of the RMS line voltage input and the number of capacitors in the bank. This function may be expressed as 1/(k).V/n where V is the RMS line voltage input, n is the number of capacitors in the banks and k is the transformation and round-off error constant.

Patent
Genuit L1, White R1
03 Jul 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a pair of amplifiers and an equalizer circuit connected to a set of voltage output terminals in a switching regulator sense the voltage between each of the output terminals and ground and supply a signal which causes the voltage at the first output terminal to remain constant.
Abstract: A pair of amplifiers and an equalizer circuit connected to a pair of voltage output terminals in a switching regulator sense the voltage between each of the output terminals and ground. A first amplifier senses the value of the voltage delivered to a first output terminal by the switching regulator and supplies a signal which causes the voltage at the first output terminal to remain constant. A second amplifier senses the relative values of voltages at the first and second output terminals and develops a signal which causes the equalizer circuit to provide a constant ratio of voltages at the two output terminals of the switching regulator.

Patent
R Kenyon1
15 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the automatic frequency control voltage and the manual tuning voltage are applied to separate voltage variable capacitor diodes connected to the local oscillator tuned circuit to achieve a lock-in range over the tuning band.
Abstract: In a voltage variable capacitor tuned superheterodyne receiver, the manual tuning voltage and the automatic frequency control voltage are ordinarily applied to separate voltage variable capacitor diodes connected to the local oscillator tuned circuit Constant automatic frequency control lock-in range over the tuning band is achieved by applying a small fraction of the automatic frequency control voltage to the manual tuning capacitor

Journal ArticleDOI
W.F. Davis1, T.M. Frederiksen
01 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-performance low-cost IC time-delay generator has been developed to be used as a building block for automotive electronic fuel injection systems by employing the IC to precisely control both the reset time and the initial ramp voltage of an external RC voltage sweep circuit by means of a gated voltage regulator.
Abstract: A high-performance low-cost IC time-delay generator has been developed to be used as a building block for automotive electronic fuel injection systems Time-delay accuracies are achieved by employing the IC to precisely control both the reset time and the initial ramp voltage of an external RC voltage sweep circuit by means of a gated voltage regulator Reference information, derived from the rotating distributor shaft, triggers an input flip-flop that controls a reset generator to produce the required gating pulses The resulting exponential voltage sweep is sensed at the input of three externally programmable voltage comparators that provide three separate time-delayed output signals within a /spl plusmn/1-percent accuracy from -40/spl deg/ to +125/spl deg/C This technique is contrasted to a linear voltage sweep approach which offers less desensitivity to IC parameter variations

Patent
D Baugher1, K Awkward1
14 Feb 1972
TL;DR: An overload protection circuit for a voltage regulator of the type having a series pass element connected between a source of unregulated voltage and a load is described in this paper, where the regulator includes a feedback circuit connected between the output terminals and the series-pass element for regulating the load voltage.
Abstract: An overload protection circuit for a voltage regulator of the type having a series pass element connected between a source of unregulated voltage and a load. The regulator includes a feedback circuit connected between the output terminals and the series pass element for regulating the load voltage. A protection circuit is connected between one main terminal of the series pass element and the feedback circuit to sense an overcurrent through the pass element and to provide a signal which renders the pass element non-conductive.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-adaptive near-optimal controller for small perturbations, subject to a quadratic performance index, of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite busbar is described.
Abstract: A procedure for the synthesis of a self-adaptive near-optimal controller for small perturbations, subject to a quadratic performance index, of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite busbar is described. The performance of the system with this controller is compared with those having proportional and derivative voltage regulators. The optimal controller extends the stable operating region of the system at low active-power levels, increases the magnitudes of perturbations for which the actual nonlinear system is stable, improves the transient response and reduces the steady-state deviations for a step change in the infinite-busbar voltage.