Volume fraction

About: Volume fraction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16312 publications have been published within this topic receiving 374181 citations.

Influence of cross-link density on rheological properties of temperature-sensitive microgel suspensions

Abstract: The influence of the cross-link density on rheological properties of thermosensitive microgels was investigated. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel particles consisted of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) chemically cross-linked with several different molar ratios of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide. The variation of cross-link density leads to soft spheres that possess a different particle interaction potential and a different swelling ratio. With increasing temperature the microgel particles decrease in size and with it the effective volume fraction, which leads to strong changes in rheological properties. The relative zero-shear viscosity and the plateau modulus at different temperatures superpose to mastercurves when plotted versus the effective volume fraction. Up to an effective volume fraction of 0.5 the microgels behaved like hard spheres and the maximum volume fraction, as determined from the divergence of the zero-shear viscosity, was mainly dominated by the polydispersity of the spheres and not by the cross-link density. The plateau modulus, on the other hand, revealed soft-sphere behavior and the interaction potential became softer with decreasing cross-linker content.

An experimental investigation into the thermal conductivity enhancement in oxide and metallic nanofluids

Abstract: One of the reasons for the controversy on the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids is the lack of extensive data over a wide range of parameters. In the present study, a comprehensive experimental dataset is obtained for thermal conductivity of nanofluids with variation in nanoparticle material, base liquid, particle size, particle volume fraction and suspension temperature. Transient hot wire (THW) equipment as well as Temperature Oscillation equipment are developed for the measurement of thermal conductivity of liquids. The measurements show that, in general, thermal conductivity values of all the nanofluids are higher than that of the equivalent macro-particle suspensions. Metallic nanofluids are found to give higher enhancements than that of oxide nanofluids. Particle size is found to have a tremendous impact on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids with enhancement in the thermal conductivity increasing almost inversely with reduction in the particle size. Increase in temperature significantly increases the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid. It is also observed that the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions is relatively higher at lower volume fractions, thereby giving a non-linear dependence on the particle volume fraction.

Effects of Volume Fraction and Stability of Retained Austenite on Ductility of TRIP-aided Dual-phase Steels

Abstract: The effects of silicon and manganese contents on volume fraction and stability of retained austenite particles in 0.2C-(1.0-2.5)Si-(1.0-2.5)Mn (mass%) TRIP-aided dual-phase steels were investigated. In addition, the relationships between above retained austenite parameters and ductility at room and moderate temperatures were discussed through studies on strain-induced transformation behavior of retained austenite.As increasing the silicon and manganese contents except for 2.5 mass% manganese steel, the initial volume fraction of retained austenite increased with accompanied by reducing carbon concentration in retained austenite. It was found that the ductilities of these steels became maximum at a given temperature between 23 and 175°C, i.e., a peak temperature. The peak temperature was concluded to agree well with the temperature at which the strain-induced transformation of retained austenite was suppressed moderately for each steel. Moreover, the peak temperature Tp (°C) was related to estimated martensite-start temperature Ms (°C) of the retained austenite as Tp=3.04Ms+187. Strength-ductility balance, i.e., the product of tensile strength and total elongation, at the peak temperature linearly increased with an increase in the initial volume fraction of retained austenite.

Critical volume fraction of crystallinity for conductivity percolation in phosphorus‐doped Si:F:H alloys

Abstract: We have used Raman scattering to deduce the volume fraction of crystallinity for the highly phosphorus‐doped glow‐discharge Si:F:H alloys. The measured critical volume fraction at the onset of rapidly increased conduction in this two‐phase system of microcrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix is 0.18. This value coincides with the theoretical percolation limit and serves to explain the conduction process in these two‐phase materials which are useful as contacts in amorphous solar cells.