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Volume fraction

About: Volume fraction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16312 publications have been published within this topic receiving 374181 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a fracture theory for a composite system based on a continuous glass matrix is proposed, where hard crystalline dispersions within the glass matrix will limit the size of Griffith flaws and strengthen the composite.
Abstract: A fracture theory is proposed for a composite system based on a continuous glass matrix. It is hypothesized that hard crystalline dispersions within the glass matrix will limit the size of Griffith flaws and strengthen the composite. Quantitative relations are derived for the effect of a dispersed phase on composite strength. At low volume fractions of the dispersed phase, the average flaw size is statistically reduced independent of the size of the dispersed particles. At high volume fractions of the dispersed phase, the average flaw size is governed by the average distance between particles dispersed in the matrix. The strength of a composite should, therefore, be a function of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase at low volume fractions and dependent on both the volume fraction and particle size of the dispersed phase at high volume fractions. For verification of the theory, cross-bending strengths were measured on a sodium borosilicate glass containing varying volume fractions of spheroidized alumina over a range of particle sizes. The average distance between dispersed particles ranged from approximately 15 to 500μ. Good agreement with theory was found. Values of glass surface energy calculated from the experimental data agree well with literature data.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored phase continuity as a function of composition for three two-phase polymer blends produced by mixing in the melt: polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate), poly styrene/cis-polybutadiene, and poly(ethylene-propylene rubber).
Abstract: Phase continuity has been explored as a function of composition for three two-phase polymer blends produced by mixing in the melt: polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene/cis-polybutadiene, and poly(methyl methacrylate)/ethylene-propylene rubber. The condition for dual phase continuity Is the application of shear close to phase inversion and this can be predicted fairly accurately using the relation where 1 and 2 are the blend components, η is viscosity, is the shear rate in the mixing device used to produce the blend and ϕ is volume fraction. The co-continuous materials, which we call Interpenetrating polymer blends (IPBs) are non-equilibrium structures and are subject to disruption by changes in flow regime.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The flow behavior of Portland cement paste was studied as a function of its concentration in this article, and the relationship between viscosity and concentration was found to be well described by the Krieger-Dougherty equation.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in the presence of magnetic field and found that choosing copper (for small of magnetic parameter) and alumina (for large values of magnetic parameters) leads to the highest cooling performance for this problem.
Abstract: In this paper, flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in the presence of magnetic field has been investigated. The governing partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions using similarity transformation, which is then solved numerically by the fourth order Runge–Kutta integration scheme featuring a shooting technique. Different types of nanoparticles as copper (Cu), silver (Ag), alumina (Al2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) with water as their base fluid has been considered. The influence of significant parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, nanofluids type, magnetic parameter and Reynolds number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed. It was found that the Nusselt number increases as each of Reynolds number or nanoparticles volume fraction increase, but it decreases as magnetic parameter increase. Also it can be found that choosing copper (for small of magnetic parameter) and alumina (for large values of magnetic parameter) leads to the highest cooling performance for this problem.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of the volume fraction and length of natural fibers on flexural properties of biodegradable composites were investigated in this article, where the effect of fiber compression in the cross section was applied to calculate the flexural modulus.

177 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023965
20222,020
2021744
2020736
2019786
2018696