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Volume fraction
About: Volume fraction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16312 publications have been published within this topic receiving 374181 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a study on the rheological behavior of oil-based hybrid nanofluids that has been evaluated in the volume fraction, temperature and various shear rates is presented.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the correlation between the occurrence of β-phase and temperature was analyzed experimentally and compared to thermodynamic calculations, and results from in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction, texture measurements, heat treatments, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature dependent flow stress measurements were used to study the evolution of the βphase with temperature.
157 citations
TL;DR: Emulsions have been stabilized by carbon nanotube-silica nanohybrids and are remarkably stable against coalescence and sedimentation and can be easily separated by filtration or centrifugation, which make them suitable for applications in interfacial catalytic processes in which the catalyst can be quickly recovered after reaction.
Abstract: Emulsions have been stabilized by carbon nanotube-silica nanohybrids. The as-prepared nanotube-silica particles generate water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, regardless of the water/oil volume ratio used. The emulsion volume fraction was much higher than that obtained with nanotubes only, and it was found to increase with water/oil ratio due to an increasing amount of water retained in the emulsion droplets. However, beyond a certain water/oil ratio, the emulsion fraction rapidly decreased. This point of collapse is a strong function of the amount of carbon nanotube-silica particles in the system. Oxidation of the nanohybrids by nitric acid can effectively modify the particle surfaces and change the resulting emulsion properties. The treatment in nitric acid increases the density of functional groups on the carbon nanotubes. Depending on the extent of functionalization, the effect of oxidation can vary from increasing the volume of emulsion stabilized to reversing the type of emulsion to oil-in-water (o/w). The emulsions are remarkably stable against coalescence and sedimentation and can be easily separated by filtration or centrifugation, which make them suitable for applications in interfacial catalytic processes in which the catalyst can be easily recovered after reaction.
156 citations
TL;DR: It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the above solution must be generalized for iontophoresis of ions which are confined to the extracellular space of the brain and that K ÷ behaves anomalously and therefore probably migrates by transcellular routes.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture fraction approach was used to measure the volume fraction of a turbulent ethylene diffusion flame and compared with predictions, and the results showed that in the lower parts of the flame this formulation is not adequate.
Abstract: Soot volume fraction measurements are made in turbulent ethylene diffusion flames and are compared with predictions. The theoretical model is based on mixture fraction distributions in the flame and measured soot volume fractions are correlated against predicted mixture fraction. The results show that in the lower parts of the flame this formulation is not adequate. However, the maximum soot concentrations further up the flame are less dependent on residence time and a mixture fraction approach may be useful here.
156 citations