Showing papers on "Wastewater published in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent, the treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article.
Abstract: The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.
1,040 citations
TL;DR: The long-range vertically aligned graphene sheets membrane (VA-GSM) was prepared as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for generation of clean water by the antifreeze-assisted freezing technique, which possessed the run-through channels facilitating the water transport, high light absorption capacity for excellent photothermal transduction, and the extraordinary stability in rigorous conditions.
Abstract: Efficient utilization of solar energy for clean water is an attractive, renewable, and environment friendly way to solve the long-standing water crisis. For this task, we prepared the long-range vertically aligned graphene sheets membrane (VA-GSM) as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for generation of clean water. The VA-GSM was prepared by the antifreeze-assisted freezing technique we developed, which possessed the run-through channels facilitating the water transport, high light absorption capacity for excellent photothermal transduction, and the extraordinary stability in rigorous conditions. As a result, VA-GSM has achieved average water evaporation rates of 1.62 and 6.25 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 and 4 sun illumination with a superb solar thermal conversion efficiency of up to 86.5% and 94.2%, respectively, better than that of most carbon materials reported previously, which can efficiently produce the clean water from seawater, common wastewater, and even concentrated acid and/or alkali solutions.
790 citations
TL;DR: The study shows that with advanced final-stage wastewater treatment technologies WWTPs can substantially reduce the MP pollution discharged from wastewater treatment plants into the aquatic environments.
748 citations
01 Feb 2017
TL;DR: A review of membrane filtration, ion exchange, ion-exchange, adsorption, chemical precipitation, nanotechnology treatments, electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes are discussed in this article.
Abstract: Heavy metals like arsenic, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, zinc, lead, and mercury are major pollutants of fresh water reservoirs because of their toxic, non-biodegradable, and persistent nature. The industrial growth is the major source of heavy metals introducing such pollutants into different segments of the environment including air, water, soil, and biosphere. Heavy metals are easily absorbed by fishes and vegetables due to their high solubility in the aquatic environments. Hence, they may accumulate in the human body by means of the food chain. Various methods have been developed and used for water and wastewater treatment to decrease heavy metal concentrations. These technologies include membrane filtration, ion-exchange, adsorption, chemical precipitation, nanotechnology treatments, electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes. In this review, the methods as well as their mechanisms and efficiency are discussed.
724 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that although low concentrations of microplastics are detected in wastewater effluent, WWTPs still have the potential to act as a pathway to release microplastic given the large volumes of effluent discharged to the aquatic environment.
719 citations
TL;DR: The high microplastic enrichment in marine sediments compared to most literature data for seawater at the surface supports the hypothesis of a seabed sink for these materials.
710 citations
TL;DR: The potential for sewage sludge treatment processes to affect the risk of MP pollution prior to land spreading is highlighted and may have implications for legislation governing the application of biosolids to agricultural land.
Abstract: Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) are receptors for the cumulative loading of microplastics (MPs) derived from industry, landfill, domestic wastewater and stormwater. The partitioning of MPs through the settlement processes of wastewater treatment results in the majority becoming entrained in the sewage sludge. This study characterized MPs in sludge samples from seven WWTPs in Ireland which use anaerobic digestion (AD), thermal drying (TD), or lime stabilization (LS) treatment processes. Abundances ranged from 4196 to 15 385 particles kg–1 (dry weight). Results of a general linear mixed model (GLMM) showed significantly higher abundances of MPs in smaller size classes in the LS samples, suggesting that the treatment process of LS shears MP particles. In contrast, lower abundances of MPs found in the AD samples suggests that this process may reduce MP abundances. Surface morphologies examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed characteristics of melting and blistering of TD MPs and shreddin...
598 citations
TL;DR: Even though some hybrid processes show promising micropollutant removals, further studies are needed to optimize these water treatment processes, in particular in terms of technical and economical competitiveness.
524 citations
TL;DR: Despite of the high removal performance, even an advanced WWTP may constitute a considerable source of microlitter and microplastics into the aquatic environment given the large volumes of effluent discharged constantly.
458 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on commercially available and natural bio-adsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.
Abstract: Heavy metals are discharged into water from various industries. They can be toxic or carcinogenic in nature and can cause severe problems for humans and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a serious problem. The adsorption process is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because of its low cost, availability and eco-friendly nature. Both commercial adsorbents and bioadsorbents are used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, with high removal capacity. This review article aims to compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on the commercially available and natural bioadsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.
382 citations
TL;DR: This review identifies emerging technologies that enable resource recovery across the wastewater treatment cycle and focuses on the generation and re-synthesis of energetic resources and key resources to be recycled as raw materials in a cradle-to-cradle economy concept.
Abstract: Limits in resource availability are driving a change in current societal production systems, changing the focus from residues treatment, such as wastewater treatment, toward resource recovery. Biotechnological processes offer an economic and versatile way to concentrate and transform resources from waste/wastewater into valuable products, which is a prerequisite for the technological development of a cradle-to-cradle bio-based economy. This review identifies emerging technologies that enable resource recovery across the wastewater treatment cycle. As such, bioenergy in the form of biohydrogen (by photo and dark fermentation processes) and biogas (during anaerobic digestion processes) have been classic targets, whereby, direct transformation of lipidic biomass into biodiesel also gained attention. This concept is similar to previous biofuel concepts, but more sustainable, as third generation biofuels and other resources can be produced from waste biomass. The production of high value biopolymers (e.g., for bioplastics manufacturing) from organic acids, hydrogen, and methane is another option for carbon recovery. The recovery of carbon and nutrients can be achieved by organic fertilizer production, or single cell protein generation (depending on the source) which may be utilized as feed, feed additives, next generation fertilizers, or even as probiotics. Additionlly, chemical oxidation-reduction and bioelectrochemical systems can recover inorganics or synthesize organic products beyond the natural microbial metabolism. Anticipating the next generation of wastewater treatment plants driven by biological recovery technologies, this review is focused on the generation and re-synthesis of energetic resources and key resources to be recycled as raw materials in a cradle-to-cradle economy concept.
TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progresses and potential applications of spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants through adsorption routes are critically reviewed.
TL;DR: The systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed and the future directions for integrated wastewatertreatment and microalgal biomass production for industrial applications were suggested.
Abstract: Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested
TL;DR: This paper aims to review the studies dealing with ozone based processes for water reuse by considering municipal wastewater reclamation as well as natural and drinking water treatment, and identifies the most interesting cost effective methodology for water treatment.
01 Feb 2017
TL;DR: The interaction between the membrane and a produced water emulsion from a colloidal perspective is described to create a clear framework that can lead to much more detailed understanding of membrane fouling in produced water treatment.
Abstract: While the world faces an increased scarcity in fresh water supply, it is of great importance that water from industry and waste streams can be treated for re-use. One of the largest waste streams in the oil and gas industry is produced water. After the phase separation of oil and gas, the produced water is left. This mixture contains dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbons, surfactants, clay particles and salts. Before this water can be used for re-injection, irrigation or as industrial water, it has to be treated. Conventional filtration techniques such as multi media filters and cartridge filters, are able to remove the majority of the contaminants, but the smallest, stabilized oil droplets (<10 μm) remain present in the treated water. In recent years, research has focused on membranes to remove these small oil droplets, because this technology requires no frequent replacement of filters and the water quality after treatment is better. Membranes however suffer from fouling by the contaminants in produced water, leading to a lower clean water flux and increased energy costs. Current research on produced water treatment by membranes is mainly focused on improving existing processes and developing fouling-resistant membranes. Multiple investigations have determined the importance of different factors (such as emulsion properties and operating conditions) on the fouling process, but understanding the background of fouling is largely absent. In this review, we describe the interaction between the membrane and a produced water emulsion from a colloidal perspective, with the aim to create a clear framework that can lead to much more detailed understanding of membrane fouling in produced water treatment. Better understanding of the complex interactions at the produced water/membrane interface is essential to achieve more efficient applications.
TL;DR: This paper presents a review of emerging electrochemical technologies used for treating oil-containing wastewater and summarizes the current applications of electrocoagulation for oil removal from wastewater.
TL;DR: This review shows a critical overview of recent researches combining Fenton processes (as pre-treatment or post-treatment) with bioremediation for treatment of wastewater or polluted soil and concluded that the combined treatment can be regarded as a novel and competitive technology.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the simultaneous removal of the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), phosphate (PO4-P), and fluoride (F−) from semiconductor wastewater by chemical precipitation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a literature review that addresses the effects, both positive and negative, of wastewater use in agriculture, emphasizing the effects on the soil environment, and reveal that agricultural reuse significantly affects soil texture properties, while also causing possible alterations of the biomass and microbiota.
Abstract: For centuries, wastewater has been improperly used in agriculture, presenting potential risks to public health and the environment. In the context of scientific development, and confronted by an increasing water crisis, wastewater reuse merits consideration because the practice helps decrease water use pressure and moderates water pollution. Thus, this article presents a literature review that addresses the effects, both positive and negative, of wastewater use in agriculture, emphasizing the effects on the soil environment. The literature review reveals that, until the 1990s, research studies promoted the use of wastewater for irrigation purposes from a treatment approach, while proposing “end of pipe” conventional solutions. However, more recent research studies (2012–2016) reveal that agricultural reuse significantly affects soil texture properties, while also causing possible alterations of the biomass and microbiota. In addition, research in this period has been oriented to the quantitative evaluation of microbiological risk.
TL;DR: Chitosan-based adsorbents have attracted increasing attention in water and wastewater treatment in recent years due to its abundance and low price, as well as rich amino and hydroxyl groups.
Abstract: Chitosan-based adsorbents have attracted increasing attention in water and wastewater treatment in recent years due to its abundance and low price, as well as rich amino and hydroxyl groups. Howeve...
TL;DR: A plasma-based water purificator is proposed in this article to address the removal of micropollutants in both finished drinking water as well as wastewater slated for reuse for water reuse.
Abstract: Freshwater scarcity derived from seasonal weather variations, climate change, and over-development has led to serious consideration for water reuse. Water reuse involves the direct processing of wastewater for either indirect or directly potable water reuse. In either case, advanced water treatment technologies will be required to process the water to the point that it can be reused in a meaningful way. Additionally, there is growing concern regarding micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which have been detected in finished drinking water not removed by conventional means. The health impact of these contaminants in low concentration is not well understood. Pending regulatory action, the removal of these contaminants by water treatment plants will also require advanced technology. One new and emerging technology that could potentially address the removal of micropollutants in both finished drinking water as well as wastewater slated for reuse is plasma-based water purificati...
TL;DR: In this review, the detailed information on different types of OC pesticides, their metabolites, environmental concern and present status on degradation methods using nanoparticles have been reviewed.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of salinity on activated sludge and its microorganisms was reviewed and the feasibility of treatment of saline wastewater by using the acclimated salt tolerant activated SLudge was evaluated.
TL;DR: In this article, three disinfection processes (ultraviolet, chlorination, and ozone) were used to reduce levels of ARGs in secondary effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.
TL;DR: In sludge treatment line, thermal, ultrasonic (<4400kJ/kg TS), FNA pretreatment and temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) are promising if pathogen inactivation is not a concern, however, thermal pret treatment and TPAD are superior to other pretreatment technologies when pathogenInactivation is required.
TL;DR: The global sanitation crisis is quantified here for the first time through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions.
Abstract: Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, an AC-supported nano-scale zero-valent (nZVI) iron is used for groundwater and wastewater treatment applications to prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles and increase their hydraulic conductivity.
TL;DR: This article presents a critical review, focusing on various photobioreactors and microalgae species cultures in wastewater that can capture high amounts of CO2 and provide high quality biofuel.
Abstract: Biological CO 2 fixation and wastewater treatment by using microalgae has recently received growing interest. Microalgae can be cultivated in photobioreactors by utilizing CO 2 from point sources such as power plants, cement manufacturing facilities and waste water from industrial, municipal, dairy facilities. These processes can provide the nutrient sources for sunlight microalgae photosynthesis. Thus, microalgae culture can contribute simultaneously to both CO 2 fixation and wastewater treatment. This article presents a critical review, focusing on various photobioreactors and microalgae species cultures in wastewater that can capture high amounts of CO 2 and provide high quality biofuel. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are discussed in this review: a) current wastewater treatment processes, b) wastewater treatment using microalgae, c) classification of photobioreactors, d) microalgae growth parameters and d) the CO 2 capture mechanism.
TL;DR: A critical review of the existing literature on N2O emissions during BNR is presented focusing on the most contributing parameters, with an undeniable validation of the robustness of such models calls for reliable quantification techniques which simultaneously describe dissolved and gaseous N 2O dynamics.
TL;DR: Peracetic acid (CH3CO3H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas p... as discussed by the authors has gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades.
Abstract: Peracids have gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades. Peracetic acid (CH3CO3H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas p...