Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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18 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental mechanisms of radical generation in different AOPs and select landfill leachate and biologically treated municipal wastewater as model wastewaters to discuss wastewater treatment with different Advanced Oxidation processes.
Abstract: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were first proposed in the 1980s for drinking water treatment and later were widely studied for treatment of different wastewaters. During the AOP treatment of wastewater, hydroxyl radicals (OH·) or sulfate radicals (SO4
·−) are generated in sufficient quantity to remove refractory organic matters, traceable organic contaminants, or certain inorganic pollutants, or to increase wastewater biodegradability as a pre-treatment prior to an ensuing biological treatment. In this paper, we review the fundamental mechanisms of radical generation in different AOPs and select landfill leachate and biologically treated municipal wastewater as model wastewaters to discuss wastewater treatment with different AOPs. Generally, the treatment efficiencies rely heavily upon the selected AOP type, physical and chemical properties of target pollutants, and operating conditions. It would be noted that other mechanisms, besides hydroxyl radical or sulfate radical-based oxidation, may occur during the AOP treatment and contribute to the reduction of target pollutants. Particularly, we summarize recent advances in the AOP treatment of landfill leachate, as well as advanced oxidation of effluent organic matters (EfOM) in biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE) for water reuse.
969 citations
TL;DR: This work explores process innovations that can speed up the anammox process and use all organic matter as much as possible for energy generation.
Abstract: Organic matter must be removed from sewage to protect the quality of the water bodies that it is discharged to. Most current sewage treatment plants are aimed at removing organic matter only. They are energy-inefficient, whereas potentially the organic matter could be regarded as a source of energy. However, organic carbon is not the only pollutant in sewage: Fixed nitrogen such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) must be removed to avoid toxic algal blooms in the environment. Conventional wastewater treatment systems for nitrogen removal require a lot of energy to create aerobic conditions for bacterial nitrification, and also use organic carbon to help remove nitrate by bacterial denitrification (see the figure). An alternative approach is the use of anoxic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, which require less energy ( 1 ) but grow relatively slowly. We explore process innovations that can speed up the anammox process and use all organic matter as much as possible for energy generation.
968 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical review of the currently available literature regarding typical and real characteristics of the textile effluents, and also constituents including chemicals used for preparing simulated textile wastewater containing dye, as well as the treatments applied for treating the prepared wastewater.
Abstract: Textile industries are responsible for one of the major environmental pollution problems in the world, because they release undesirable dye effluents. Textile wastewater contains dyes mixed with various contaminants at a variety of ranges. Therefore, environmental legislation commonly obligates textile factories to treat these effluents before discharge into the receiving watercourses. The treatment efficiency of any pilot-scale study can be examined by feeding the system either with real textile effluents or with artificial wastewater having characteristics, which match typical textile factory discharges. This paper presents a critical review of the currently available literature regarding typical and real characteristics of the textile effluents, and also constituents including chemicals used for preparing simulated textile wastewater containing dye, as well as the treatments applied for treating the prepared effluents. This review collects the scattered information relating to artificial textile wastewater constituents and organises it to help researchers who are required to prepare synthetic wastewater. These ingredients are also evaluated based on the typical characteristics of textile wastewater, and special constituents to simulate these characteristics are recommended. The processes carried out during textile manufacturing and the chemicals corresponding to each process are also discussed.
963 citations
TL;DR: Among phthalates, DEHP is the most widely used, and quantified by the authors in wastewater, and the rate of removal is greater than 90% for most of the studied compounds, while antibiotics and Bisphenol A are the most resistant to treatment.
960 citations
TL;DR: The available information on various aspects of sewage sludge application on soil fertility and consequent effects on plant production are reviewed to explore the possibility of exploiting this byproduct for agronomy and horticulture.
955 citations