Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a brief description of adsorption mechanism is given and then the study of conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for the removal of emerging compounds is reviewed with the comparison between them.
Abstract: Emerging contaminants are chemicals recently discovered in natural streams as a result of human and industrial activities. Most of them have no regulatory standard and can potentially cause deleterious effects in aquatic life at environmentally relevant concentrations. The conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not always effective for the removal of these huge classes of pollutants and so further water treatments are necessary. This chapter has the aim to study the adsorption process in the removal of emerging compounds. Firstly, a brief description of adsorption mechanism is given and then the study of conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for the removal of emerging compounds is reviewed with the comparison between them.
256 citations
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper presented the design of WASTEWATER POND systems, including Facultative Ponds Partial-Mix Aerated Ponds Complete Mix Aerated Pond Systems Anaerobic Ponds Controlled Discharge Pond System Complete Retention Pond System Hydrograph Controlled Release High-Performance AeratedPond Systems (Rich Design) Proprietary Systems Nitrogen Removal in Lagoons Modified High-performance aerated pond Systems for Nitrification and Denitrification Nitrogen removal in Ponds Coupled with Wetlands and Gravel Bed Nitrification Fil
Abstract: NATURAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW Natural Treatment Processes Project Development References PLANNING, FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT, AND SITE SELECTION Concept Evaluation Site Identification Site Evaluation Site and Process Selection References BASIC PROCESS RESPONSES AND INTERACTIONS Water Management Biodegradable Organics Organic Priority Pollutants Pathogens Metals Nutrients References DESIGN OF WASTEWATER POND SYSTEMS Introduction Facultative Ponds Partial-Mix Aerated Ponds Complete Mix Aerated Pond Systems Anaerobic Ponds Controlled Discharge Pond System Complete Retention Pond System Hydrograph Controlled Release High-Performance Aerated Pond Systems (Rich Design) Proprietary Systems Nitrogen Removal in Lagoons Modified High-Performance Aerated Pond Systems for Nitrification and Denitrification Nitrogen Removal in Ponds Coupled with Wetlands and Gravel Bed Nitrification Filters Control of Algae and Design of Settling Basins Hydraulic Control of Ponds Removal of Phosphorus References POND MODIFICATIONS FOR POLISHING EFFLUENTS Solids Removal Methods Modifications and Additions to Typical Designs Performance Comparisons with Other Removal Methods References FREE WATER SURFACE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Process Description Wetland Components Performance Expectations Potential Applications Planning and Design Hydraulic Design Procedures Thermal Aspects Design Models and Effluent Quality Prediction Physical Design and Construction Operation and Maintenance Costs Troubleshooting References SUBSURFACE AND VERTICAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Hydraulics of Subsurface Flow Wetlands Thermal Aspects Performance Expectations Design of SSF Wetlands Design Elements of Subsurface Flow Wetlands Alternative Application Strategies Potential Applications Case Study: Minoa, New York Nitrification Filter Bed Design of On-Site Systems Vertical-Flow Wetland Beds Construction Considerations Operation and Maintenance Costs Troubleshooting References LAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS Types of Land Treatment Systems Slow Rate Land Treatment Overland Flow Systems Soil Aquifer Treatment Systems Phytoremediation Industrial Wastewater Management References SLUDGE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT Sludge Quantity and Characteristics Stabilization and Dewatering Sludge Freezing Reed Beds Vermistabilization Comparison of Bed-Type Operations Composting Land Application and Surface Disposal of Biosolids References ON-SITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS Types of On-Site Systems Effluent Disposal and Reuse Options Site Evaluation and Assessment Cumulative Areal Nitrogen Loadings Alternative Nutrient Removal Processes Disposal of Variously Treated Effluents in Soils Design Criteria for On -Site Disposal Alternatives Design Criteria for On-Site Reuse Alternatives Correction of Failed Systems References APPENDICES Appendix 1: Metric Conversion Factors (SI to U.S. Customary Units) Appendix 2: Conversion Factors for Commonly Used Design Parameters Appendix 3: Physical Properties of Water Appendix 4: Dissolved Oxygen Solubility in Freshwater INDEX
256 citations
TL;DR: The degradation of the compounds present in a previously chlorinated wastewater resulting from the production of azoic dyes has been studied in this article, where the first step developed was the characterization of the spillage water by GC/MS and GC/FID.
256 citations
TL;DR: Wastewater supported algal growth by inducing the incorporation of a significantly higher content of the individual amino acids Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, and Tyr, and a markedly higher level of Pro; however, His, Lys, and Arg were markedly reduced compared to their levels in synthetic-medium-grown algae.
256 citations
TL;DR: Aerobic granular sludge has shown a potential for nitrogen removal, but is less competitive for the high strength organic wastewater treatments, and the future needs and limitations for aerobic granular technology are discussed.
Abstract: Aerobic granular sludge can be classified as a type of self-immobilized microbial consortium, consisting mainly of aerobic and facultative bacteria and is distinct from anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge. Aerobic granular technology has been proposed as a promising technology for wastewater treatment, but is not yet established as a large-scale application. Aerobic granules have been cultured mainly in sequenced batch reactors (SBR) under hydraulic selection pressure. The factors influencing aerobic granulation, granulation mechanisms, microbial communities and the potential applications for the treatment of various wastewaters have been studied comprehensively on the laboratory-scale. Aerobic granular sludge has shown a potential for nitrogen removal, but is less competitive for the high strength organic wastewater treatments. This technology has been developed from the laboratory-scale to pilot scale applications, but with limited and unpublished full-scale applications for municipal wastewater treatment. The future needs and limitations for aerobic granular technology are discussed.
255 citations