Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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TL;DR: A nationwide assessment in Pakistan showed that the direct use of untreated wastewater for agriculture, particularly vegetable production, was common in most cities and the main reasons for this use were the absence of alternative water sources, the reliability of the wastewater supply, the nutrient value and the proximity to urban markets.
227 citations
TL;DR: The observations highlight the relevance of stormwater emissions and direct emissions from separated sewer systems to surface waters in relation to emissions from WWTPs and the necessity to consider all potential influences in the assessment of the status of surface water bodies with reference to xenobiotics.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two 3.7-L microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed to treat swine wastewater with one (System 1) operated in batch mode while the other (System 2) was operated in continuous, upward flow mode and incorporated air diffusion heads to aerate the cathode.
227 citations
TL;DR: Results from the present study showed that the accumulation of PPCPs in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater was likely limited under field conditions, and annual exposure from the consumption of mature vegetables irrigation with fortified water was estimated to be only 3.69 μg per capita.
Abstract: Global water shortage is placing an unprecedented pressure on water supplies. Treated wastewater is a valuable water resource, but its reuse for agricultural irrigation faces a roadblock: the public concern over the potential accumulation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into human diet. In the present study, we measured the levels of 19 commonly occurring pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in 8 vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater under field conditions. Tertiary treated wastewater without or with a fortification of each PPCP at 250 ng/L, was used to irrigate crops until harvest. Plant samples at premature and mature stages were collected. Analysis of edible tissues showed a detection frequency of 64% and 91% in all vegetables from the treated wastewater and fortified water treatments, respectively. The edible samples from the two treatments contained the same PPCPs, including caffeine, meprobamate, primidone, DEET, carbamazepine, dilantin, naproxen, and triclosan. The to...
227 citations
TL;DR: A whole spectrum of new biotechnological applications (removal of organic chemical oxygen demand, sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals), recently developed based on a better insight in sulphur transformations, are discussed.
Abstract: Until recently, biological treatment of sulphate-rich wastewater was rather unpopular because of the production of H2S under anaerobic conditions. Gaseous and dissolved sulphides cause physical-chemical (corrosion, odour, increased effluent chemical oxygen demand) or biological (toxicity) constraints, which may lead to process failure. Anaerobic treatment of sulphate-rich wastewater can nevertheless be applied successfully provided a proper treatment strategy is selected. The strategies currently available are discussed in relation to the aim of the treatment: i) removal of organic matter, ii) removal of sulphate or iii) removal of both. Also a whole spectrum of new biotechnological applications (removal of organic chemical oxygen demand, sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals), recently developed based on a better insight in sulphur transformations, are discussed.
227 citations