Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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TL;DR: Lab experiments demonstrate that each of the three materials studies can selectively remove phosphate from the background of competing anions and phosphorus can be recovered as a solid-phase fertilizer upon efficient regeneration of the exchanger and addition of a calcium or magnesium salt in equimolar (Ca/P or Mg/P) ratio.
224 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews the anaerobic biological treatments developed for pulp and paper industry wastewater and also reviews the specific micro-organisms reported to degrade AOX compounds underAnaerobic conditions, their nutritional and biochemical requirements.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation and mineralization of ibuprofen (IBU) were investigated using Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in TiO 2 photocatalysis.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated NDMA formation during various water and wastewater treatment processes including chlorination and chloramination, ozonation, and ion exchange, and found that NDMA appears to be a byproduct of the chloramination of water, with the level of NDMA formed directly related to the chloramine dose.
Abstract: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a carcinogen known to be present in various foods and industrial products. The US Environmental Protection Agency has established a 10 -6 cancer risk level for NDMA of 0.7 ng/L. NDMA has been found in the effluents of various water and wastewater plants, but its formation mechanism is not yet understood. This study evaluated NDMA formation during various water and wastewater treatment processes including chlorination and chloramination, ozonation, and ion exchange. On the basis of the limited results obtained in this study, NDMA appears to be a by-product of the chloramination of water and wastewater, with the level of NDMA formed directly related to the chloramine dose. In the waters tested, NDMA did not form on contact with free chlorine or ozone. Contact of one water with typical levels of amine-based polymer did not form any measurable NDMA levels (<2 ng/L). Batch testing was conducted with four strong-base anion exchange resins contacted with untreated groundwater and with buffered deionized water. Results showed that some resins might leach or form NDMA and the level of NDMA produced is a function of the chemical functional group on the surface of the resin.
224 citations