Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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TL;DR: The developed adsorbent is very useful, economic, rapid, and reproducible for the removal of phenols and its derivatives from wastewater.
Abstract: Removal of toxic substances from wastewaters using low-cost alternatives to activated carbon is an important area in environmental sciences. Efforts have been made to convert red mud, an aluminum industry waste, into a low-cost potential adsorbent, and the final material has been used for the removal of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol from wastewater. It is pertinent to mention that phenol and chlorophenols are highly carcinogenic and an priority class of pollutants which needs to be removed from effluents before discharge into water bodies. 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol are sorbed by the developed adsorbent up to 94−97%, while the removal of 2-chlorophenol and phenol was up to 50−81%. The removal of phenols and its derivatives was achieved up to 98% by column experiments at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The order of removal was 2,4-dichlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol > phenol, and the removal takes place through a particle diffusion mechanism. The adsorpti...
214 citations
TL;DR: The global sanitation crisis is quantified here for the first time through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions.
Abstract: Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.
214 citations
TL;DR: The system developed in this work offered similar cell voltage, power density, and current density values compared with the ones obtained in previous studies using photosynthetic MFCs, sediment-type M FCs, and plant-typeMFCs.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous wastewater treatment process is proposed and the quality of the recycled water was validated through membrane fabrication and performance tests, and seven different classes of adsorbents (graphene, polymers with intrinsic microporosity, imprinted polymers, zeolites, metal organic frameworks, activated carbon, and resins) were evaluated.
213 citations
TL;DR: Sorption onto sludge played a dominant role in the removal for UV filters, especially for 4-MBC, UV-326 and OC, which accounted for 54%-92% of influent loads, while biological degradation played a significant role for the other compounds.
213 citations